Sociology Final Exam Part 2: Race And Ethnicity

Front 1

Are ethnicity and race the same?

Back 1

No

Front 2

How are racial groups classified?

Back 2

According to obvious, physical differences.

Front 3

What are the 4 most obvious physical differences that determine race?

Back 3

body type (e.g., height); facial features (e.g., eyes & nose); hair texture; and skin color

Front 4

In what 2 ways can ethnic groups be separated from other groups?

Back 4

by national origin or by distinctive cultural patterns

Front 5

By what one-word summary is race determined? In contrast, by what one-word summary is ethnicity determined?

Back 5

(a) The former is determined by biology.

(b) The latter is determined by culture.

Front 6

What are the 3 most important distinctive cultural patterns that determine ethnicity? What are the 3 less important patterns?

Back 6

(a) food (or diet), language, and religion.

(b) clothing style, marriage customs, and political ideologies.

Front 7

define minority group

Back 7

a socially disadvantaged group

Front 8

What is the term for a socially disadvantaged group?

Back 8

a minority group

Front 9

synonym for minority group

Back 9

synonym for subordinate group

Front 10

synonym for majority group

Back 10

synonym for dominant group

Front 11

What are the 2 most common reasons in the world for minority group status?

Back 11

ethnicity and race

Front 12

What are the 5 characteristics shared by minority groups around the world?

Back 12

AWARENESS of subordination, INVOLUNTARY membership, DISTINGUISHING cultural or physical traits, in-group MARRIAGE, and UNEQUAL treatment

(Mnemonic: AID MU)

Front 13

What does it mean when we say that the physical or cultural traits of a minority group are distinguishing?

Back 13

It means those traits separate them from the dominant group.

Front 14

Upon what is involuntary membership of a minority group based?

Back 14

one or more ascribed statuses

Front 15

What kinds of people do minority group members tend to marry?

Back 15

They tend to do this with other members of the same minority group.

Front 16

What are the 2 most important reasons for in-group marriage within a minority group?

Back 16

avoiding difficult social situations and continuing the group's traditions (through future generations via familial socialization)

Front 17

What happens if a dominant group member marries a member of a minority group?

Back 17

Society lowers the dominant group member's social status when this occurs.

(This is another definitive property of minority group status, according to some research not covered in class.)

Front 18

define/explain "awareness of subordination" in the context of a minority group.

Back 18

Minority group members are aware (cognizant) of their subordinate (lesser) position.

Front 19

What is the term used when minority group members are cognizant of their lesser position?

Back 19

awareness of subordination

Front 20

What does awareness of subordination often foster among members of a minority group?

Back 20

strong group solidarity

Front 21

Why does a minority group seek strong group solidarity?

Back 21

The members hope to raise their (social) status by banding together.

Front 22

Define/explain "unequal treatment" in the context of a minority group.

Back 22

Minority group members are treated unequally (and unfairly) by the dominant group.

Front 23

What term do we use to describe when minority group members are treated unfairly by the dominant group?

Back 23

unequal treatment

Front 24

With respect to unequal treatment, what important resource does the minority group lack?

Back 24

power