Race And Ethnicity Test 2

Front 1

Pre-Famine
What caused Irish to migrate?
Who controlled land?
Who did pop. consist of?
Where did they travel to?
What kind of work did they do?

Back 1

(1822-1844)
-pop. boom
-land controlled by English landlords so forced to raise cattle
--single Irish males came to New England and Boston
-manual labor

Front 2

Famine
How many people?
What caused Irish to migrate?

Back 2

(1845-1854)
-1.5 million immigrants (heaviest flow in irish history)
-the blight: potato crop destroyed by disease

Front 3

Post-Famine
How many people?
What caused Irish to migrate?
What work did they do?

Back 3

(1855-1930s)
-2.5 million migrate
-different from other groups because of religion: Catholic (seen as subordinate group)
-became workers and soldiers in Civil War

Front 4

New York City Draft Riots

Back 4

(1863)
The Irish saw blacks as being reason for Civil War and resented them bc they were citizens. 105 killed.

Front 5

Irish Immigration
Rate of political rise?

Back 5

-Irish quickly gained political power

Front 6

Irish Immigration:Boss System
Who is political boss?
What is Tammany Hall?
Who is Boss Tweed?
What is the political machine?

Back 6

-political boss= middle man
-Tammany Hall=institution symbolizing corruption in NY
-Boss Tweed=middle man who runs Tammany Hall
-political machine= graft given in exchange for something

Front 7

George W. Plunkitt

Back 7

(during Irish Immigrations)
-explained political machine/graft system
-he would give people job opportunities in exchange for their votes

Front 8

Notable Politicians
Alfred E. Smith
John F. Kennedy
Dwight Eisenhower

Back 8

-Smith=1st Irish Catholic to run for Democratic Party
-Kennedy=1st to win for Democratic Party
-Eisenhower=1st German

Front 9

Irish Stereotypes

Back 9

-beastly and brutish
-drinking
-fighting

Front 10

Transcontinental Railroad
What 2 companies built it and why was the labor performed by groups associated with each?

Back 10

(1862-1869)
1. union pacific railroad-from East (Irish labor bc no $ to travel West)
2. central pacific railroad-from West (Chinese labor bc China closer to W. coast)

Front 11

Chinese Exclusion Act
What caused the initial fear of Chinese?
How many times was the act renewed?
The act only allowed for who to enter the US?

Back 11

(1882)
-the large # of chinese on W. Coast caused fear
-renewed 2 times: once for 10 years (1892) and then indefinately (1902)
-only educators and merchants families allowed in

Front 12

History vs. Hollywood Video
Who is the director?
What is it about?

Back 12

Martin Scorcese
-gangs in NY, association with Irish

Front 13

William Cutting
What did he run?
Who did he work with and why?

Back 13

-man who ruled the 5 points while Amsterdam grew up in orphanage
-began to work with Boss Tweed; he gave him the Irish immigrant vote

Front 14

5 points

Back 14

a district in NYC; very corrupt; crime and sickness common

Front 15

William Amsterdam

Back 15

-son of the leader of "dead rabbits" (an Irish gang)
-grew up in an orphanage but once old enough to leave he learned corruption
-reinvents dead rabbits and schedules to fight Nativists (day to fight ended up being day draft riots start)

Front 16

Bill "the butcher" Poole

Back 16

Nativist who has headquarters in 5 points

Front 17

William T. Sherman
What did he issue?
Where did the freed slaves get to go?

Back 17

(1865)
he isssued Field Order No. 15 which provided for the confiscation 400000 acres for freed slaves to live on
-the slaves were allowed to live on the Sea Islands, 30 miles of land off coast of SC

Front 18

Thaddeus Stevens
Who was he and what did he help draft?

Back 18

(1792-1868)
-Radical Republican
-helped to draft 14th ammendment and Reconstruction Act (1867)

Front 19

Benjamin Wade
Who was he and what did he fight against?

Back 19

(1800-1878)
-Radical Republican
-fought against fugitive slave act and kansas-nebraska act

Front 20

Henry Davis

Back 20

(1817-1865)
-Radical Republican
-anti-slavery

Front 21

Wade-Davis Bill

Back 21

-mandated that there be a 50% white male something to be confirmed by the Us Senate
-passed 1964 but Lincoln vetoed it and then refused to sign

Front 22

Andrew Johnson
...pardons

Back 22

(1808-1875)
-took charge of presidential reconstruction until 1866
-impeached by radicals in 1868 and then acquited by single vote (1st pres. to be impeached)
-...pardons used in speech addressing slaves to give them land he planned on confiscating from rich

Front 23

Freedman's Bureau
What was it?
Who was it intended to help?
Who disbanded it?

Back 23

federal agency formed during Reconstruction to aid distressed refugees of Civil War; primarily to aid freed slaves in south
-disbanded by Johnson

Front 24

Rutherford B. Hayes

Back 24

(1822-1893)
-ran against Tilden in election of 1876
-illegitimate election led to him winning by 8 to 7 vote

Front 25

Samuel Tilden

Back 25

(1814-1886)
-ran against Hayes in 1876 election
-won by over 250,000 votes but then when redone, Hayes won

Front 26

Black Codes

Back 26

(enacted 1860)
laws passed on state and local level in US to restrict civil rights and civil liberties of blacks, particularly former slaves in former confederate states

Front 27

Mississippi Plan
Who devised it and what was it?
Explain 2 steps.

Back 27

(1875)
-devised by Democrats to violently overthrow Republicans by organized violence in order to redeem the state of Mississippi

1. persuade 10-15% of Rep. to change to Democrats
2.intimidate black population either by economic coercion or violence

Front 28

Sharecropping

Back 28

system of agriculture where a landowner allows a sharecropper to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced
-worked in collaboration with ex-slaves to re-employ them

Front 29

Peonage

Back 29

someone working in an unfree labor system

Front 30

Ethnic Notions
Who produced?

Back 30

Marlin Riggs

Front 31

Blackface

Back 31

white men who performed as blacks
-later, blacks began performing in blackface

Front 32

T.D. Rice

Back 32

-white comedian who performed in blackface

Front 33

Jim Crow Dance

Back 33

exaggerated character dance (1828)

Front 34

Brute

Back 34

-caricature portraying blacks as savages, animalistic, criminals, etc.
-crime is most commonly rape of white women

Front 35

Mammy

Back 35

-caricature of black women portrayed as docile, loyal, protective
-thought to be happy as slaves
-offered as a defense of slavery

Front 36

Zip-Coon

Back 36

caricature of black men portrayed as lazy, easily frightened, buffoonish, child-like, etc.

Front 37

Sambo

Back 37

-caricature of black men (same as Zip-Coon) but looked more like children
-offered as a defense of slavery and segregation

Front 38

Pickaninnies

Back 38

-caricature of black children brutes
-seen as animal-like

Front 39

De Facto Segregation

Back 39

something that is occuring/happening

Front 40

De Jure Segregation

Back 40

something that is occuring/happening by law

Front 41

Plessy vs. Ferguson
What happened that led to this case?
What comes from this?

Back 41

(1896)
-Homer Plessy, a mulatto, sat in white section of street car. He looked white so it was allowed but someone knew he wasnt white.
-separate but equal comes from this=segregation de jure

Front 42

Grace Hale

Back 42

"Making Whiteness" (1998)
-how segregation changed over the years
-whites felt superior to blacks only bc they were white

Front 43

Abel Meeropool

Back 43

-wrote poem "Strange Fruit"
-poem about lynching

Front 44

Billie Holliday

Back 44

-used poem "Strange Fruit" by Abel Meeropool to create a song (1939)

Front 45

3714 "Reported" Lynchings

Back 45

(1900-1930s)
GA 302
MISS 258
TX 201
LA 172
ALA 132
FL 170

Front 46

Ida B. Wells
What happened to her bc of her book?
Who did she start to work with?

Back 46

-wrote "Southern Horrors" (1892)
-she tried to call attention to lynching
-she was kicked out of town for her book and then began to work with WEB DuBois

Front 47

W.E.B. DuBois
What 2 things is he famous for?

Back 47

-wrote "The Souls of Black Folk" (1903)
-discusses problems of blacks in America
-"Crisis"=newspaper about lynching

Front 48

Does the community embrace lynching?

Back 48

No, they condoned it.

Front 49

What 2 ways did the South remain to be in power at the turn of the century?

Back 49

Segregation and Lynching

Front 50

At the turn of the century, what was happeing during the early 1900s?

Back 50

-blacks were at their lowest living point
-racial violence was out of control

Front 51

At the cross over to the 20th century, what was taking place in the film industry?

Back 51

Whites were no longer performing as blacks bc blacks were now acting

Front 52

Leo Frank

Back 52

man from GA who was lynched

Front 53

With WWI, who was now included in the US Army?
-Race Riots (1919-1921)

Back 53

-blacks included

Front 54

When did lynching take place?

Back 54

(Reconstruction-1950s)

Front 55

Homestead Act

Back 55

-free land for all willing to move to western frontier to cultivate the land
-2 to 6 million farms

Front 56

Black Kettle

Back 56

(1801-1868)
Cheyenne Chief who tried to secure peace for his people
-sent to Fort Lyon in CO but went to Sand Creek instead

Front 57

John Chivington
Who was he searching for?

Back 57

(1801-1868)
Went searching for Cheyenne in CO. He searched for months before he found them. He then held a massacre at Sandy Creek, killing even the women and children (1864).

Front 58

Sitting Bull
His arrest led to what?

Back 58

(1831-1890)
Lakota Chief; he did not want ppl to become Americanized
in 1890 he was arrested by Indian police...he was shot in heart. led to massacre called WOUNDED KNEE (1864)

Front 59

Carlisle School
What famous person attended this school?

Back 59

(1879)-Pennsylvania
Jim Thorpe-famous football player and 1st commissioner of NFL

Front 60

General Allotment Act (Dawes Act)
Senator Dawes wanted to make what of the Indians?

Back 60

(1887)
-Senator Dawes intended to make Indians capitalists
-80 acres polts
-massive plundering
-land rush to OK(1989)

Front 61

Manifest Destiny

Back 61

the idea that US citizens had ability and could move west to do their stuff

Front 62

Railroads
US wants to protect from who?
What did they rely heavily on?
What dictated time in the US?

Back 62

(1850-1900)
-wanted to protect railroads from Indians
-they relied heavily on time
-time was dictated by money and railroad service

Front 63

Conditions of the Western Frontier

Back 63

Blizzards: great blizzard of OK
Rain and Flooding
Prarie Fires
Grasshoppers

Front 64

New Immigrants

Back 64

(1880-1920s)
Eastern Europeans

Front 65

New Immigrants
How did they arrive?
Where did they come from?
What were their characteristics?

Back 65

-they arrived in large numbers
-Southern, Eastern, and Central Europe
-they are mostly young,male, poor, without families, unskilled---all things to be feared in US

Front 66

How did the new immigrants live?

Back 66

-they lived in dumbell tenements (NY 1879)

Front 67

Italian Immigration
Stereotypes?
Criminal Roots?
Persecution?

Back 67

-Dago, Guinea, Mafia, WOP
-patrone system=farm owners who dont live on farm and has someone else do job, blackhand letters=form of exhortation...kidnapping and threatening to
-lynched

Front 68

Sacco and Vanzetti
Where did they work?
Why did each suffer?

Back 68

-they worked in shoe factory when it was robbed on pay day
-Sacco suffered for being Italian, Vanzetti suffered for being a criminal based on ethnicity
-both executed 1927

Front 69

Italian assimilation

Back 69

Italians changed and Americanized their names

Front 70

Nativism
Attitudes?

Back 70

(1880-1920s)
-economic fears, scientific racism, cultural differences

Front 71

Nativism
Responses?
Who was now in charge?

Back 71

-Americanization efforts
-xenophobia
-now KKK in charge (1915-1920)

Front 72

D.W. Griffith
Movie?
Who does movie come from?

Back 72

The Birth of a Nation (1915)
-movie comes from Thomas Dixon

Front 73

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Back 73

(1821-1877)
founder of KKK

Front 74

William Simmons

Back 74

(1880-1945)
leader of KKK in 1915

Front 75

Eugenics
Who does it target?
Laws?
What gave way to Eugenics?

Back 75

the idea that the strong should survive and the government should help
-targets the poor and immigrants
-30 states have laws (1930)
-WWII and Holocaust gave way to Eugenics

Front 76

Hugo Black

Back 76

(1886-1971)
KKK attorney; he successfully defended methodist preacher who killed Catholic Priest

Front 77

What did the KKK lead to?

Back 77

Anti-Jewish Organizations

Front 78

the Protocols of the Elders of Zion

Back 78

publication set forth by Russian police at the end of the 1800s

Front 79

Dominant language in schools during the 1830s

Back 79

German

Front 80

when was there a backlash agaisnt Germans?

Back 80

1880s

Front 81

The Bennet Law

Back 81

(1890)
passed in Wisconsin saying English must be taught for 16 weeks in order to be a school and receive money from gov.

Front 82

Nebraska, 1919

Back 82

1 out of 10 bills involved language and removing german

Front 83

During WWI, who was most commonly lynched?

Back 83

the German because they were seen as the enemies

Front 84

Gentlemen's Agreement

Back 84

(1907-1908)
informal agreement between Japanese and Americans

Front 85

Issei vs. Nissei

Back 85

-Issei=first generation
-Nissei=second generation

Front 86

Ozawa vs. US

Back 86

(1922)
-Jap with white wife and kids
-thought being white could be determined by science
-Ozawa not allowed to become a citizen

Front 87

US vs. Thind

Back 87

-Indian
-thought being white was not determined by science
-allowed to become citizen

Front 88

Cable Act
Who was it targeted at?

Back 88

(1922)
anyone who married an ineligible would lose their citizenship
-targeted white women

Front 89

Immigration Act of 1924(National Origins Act)

Back 89

wanted to make country WASP again

Front 90

Joe Louis "The Brown Bomber"

Back 90

great boxer; received medal as symbol of strength for nation

Front 91

George Armwood

Back 91

1933
last black man to be lynched in MD

Front 92

Charles Houston

Back 92

(1895-1950)
black lawyer; he planned to attack and defeat jim crow segregation by using "separate but equal" doctrine as it pertained to education

Front 93

Donald Gaines Murray

Back 93

(1935-1937)
black who wanted to attend Univ. in MD
-his case successfully challenged segregated education

Front 94

Mary McCloud Bethune

Back 94

(1975-1955)
worked with FDR trying to get him to propose law against lynching

Front 95

Claude Neal

Back 95

1934
lynched for murder, mob beat him then dragged him behind car

Front 96

David Sholtz

Back 96

(1891-1953)
passed workers comp law
mandated free textbooks
funded salaries for teachers

Front 97

Maya Angelou

Back 97

1922-present
multiple writings
clothes hoax attacking kkk

Front 98

Jesse Owens

Back 98

(1919-1980)
American track and field athlete

Front 99

Avery Brundage

Back 99

(1887-1975)
racist decisions in Olympics
-replacing owens with jews on team

Front 100

Father Coughlin

Back 100

(1891-1979) Catholic priest at Little Flower
-radio program

Front 101

Robert Wagner

Back 101

(1877-1953)
German immigrant, became Democratic Senator; tried to get FDR to support anti-lynching bill

Front 102

Marian Anderson

Back 102

(1897-1993)
black singer
-DAR refused to let her sing at Constitution Hall in 1939