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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Group
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Two or more people who share the same norms, values, expectations and meet on a regular basis
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Dyad
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Group of two
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Triad
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Group of three
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Diffusion of Responsibility
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The tenancy to feel that you do not need to respond/help the larger the group gets
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Primary group
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Small, face to face interaction, know the people, longer-lasting
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Secondary group
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Large, formal, impersonal, temporary and do not know every - all trying to meet a specific goal
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Reference groups
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A group that shares the same behaviors, values - that we look for guidance, try to match them
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In-group
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look upon more favorable, we are a part of this group
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Out-group
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Loos upon less favorably, we are NOT a part of this group
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Social Network
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A web of social ties that links and individual to others
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Glass Ceiling
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Women feeling they can only go so far up the hierarchy ladder, and then feel they are “held back”
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Peter Principle
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A person rises to his/her own level of incompetence
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Bureaucratization
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the process of becoming increasingly bureaucratic
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Iron Law of Oligarchy
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the few that rule the many
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Basic Scientific Management
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people can be worked just like animals/machines - only limit is physical body/strength
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Human Relations Approach
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Take care of what workers care about, and the workers will increase production
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Hawthorne Effect
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people being watched will act differently than those who are not, may work harder, faster, etc.
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Deviance
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Behavior that violates expected rules or norms in society
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Crime
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Violation of societal norms and rules written into public laws, subject to punishment
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Victimless Crime
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A crime that does not have a victim
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Occupational (Professional)
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A person who commits crime as a profession
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White Collar
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Tax evasion, embezzlement, committed by 1 person
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Corporate Crimes
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Illegal acts committed by executives to benefit themselves and their companies. Committed by 2 or more people
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Transnational Crime
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Committed across other countries
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Merton’s Strain Theory
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Based on judging people’s reactions to society’s goals and means
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Power theory
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power can actually cause deviance
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Differential Justice
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People treated differently based on the groups they are in |
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Feminist theorists
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Focus on deviance and crime as a result of patriarchy
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Feminization of poverty
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children and their single, head of household mothers living in poverty in the highest numbers
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Symbolic Interactionists
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We learn deviance
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Differential Association theory
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It depends on the DIFFERENT people you ASSOCIATE with that determines your actions
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Labeling theory
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It is not the ACT that makes something deviant, but our reaction to it
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Primary Deviance
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The initial violation of a norm or law
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Secondary Deviance
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When the individuals have been labeled deviant
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Most crime victims are
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young, black, men living in poor neighborhoods in the inner city
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Most offenders are
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young, white, men living in poor neighborhoods in the inner city
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Social control
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Ways we try to prevent and react to behavior in society
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Criminal Justice system is made up of these three groups
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police, courts, and prisons
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Genocide
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systematic attempt to kill all member of a particular group (political, religious, etc.)
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Ethnic cleansing
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systematic attempt to kill all member of a particual ethnic groups
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Segregation
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the physical and social separation of dominatn and minority groups
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Assimilation
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the process of conforming to the culture of dominant grousp
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Pluralism
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all groups retaining own culture, but having equal standing in society
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Largest minority group
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Latino/Hispanic
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Second largest minority group
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African American
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Fastest growing minority group
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Asian American
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Institutional Discrimination
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denial of rights or opportunities and equal rights to individuals die to normal societal operations
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Racism
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belief that one race is superior to all others - the other are inferior
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Prejudice
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attitude, positive or negatice, about a person or group of people
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Discrimination
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behavior, positive or negative, about a person or group of people
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Contact Hypothesis
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changing peoples ideas about others one person at a time, at the same level
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Intersectionality theory
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race, class and gender cannot be divided from one another and must be taken into account together when looking at a person’s life experience – not just one without the others included
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Immigration
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one of the main driving factors is The American Dream that children can pass their parents on the social class ladder.
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Horizontal mobility
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moving across the social class ladder
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Vertical mobility
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moving up or down the social class ladder
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Intergenerational mobility
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change in social class position between generations (parent vs. children)
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Intragenerational mobility
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change in social class position within a person’s lifetime
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Race
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a group of people who share physical characterists such as skin color, facial features, etc.
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Ethnic Group
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people who identify with a common national origin or cultural heritage
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Racial-ethnic group
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combination of the above two
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Dominant group
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Have more power, opportunities, privledges
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Minority group
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Have less power, opportunities, privledges
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The largest group living in poverty are
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children
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Conspicuous consumption
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Material items and their meanings
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Conspicuous leisure
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Where you go and what you do
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Symbolic Interactionists
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Socieity’s create/construct meaning and we use ‘things’ and images to represent wealth/status.
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Wealth
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All assets
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Income
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Nothing but salary and wages
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Power
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The ability to get your way
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Prestige
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Respect, regard, recognition that you would give to anyone
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Esteem
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Respect, regard, recognition for someone you personally know
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Social Class
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members of society are ranked in terms of wealth, power or privileged
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Leadership styles
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Authoritarian, democratic, charismatic
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Obedience
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following a person who is an authority figure and complying with their demands
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Conformity
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going along with the crowd
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Recidivism rates
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Have remained the same as those in 1980 where one-half of released prisoners have reoffended and are back in prison within 3 years of being released
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