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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hidden Curriculum
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Standards of behavior deemed proper by society and taught subtly in schools
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Credentialism
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Describes an increase in the lowest level of education needed to enter a field
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Tracking
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Placing students in certain curriculum groups according to test scores and other criteria
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Teacher-Expectancy Effect
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The impact that a teacher's expectations about a student's performance may have on the student's actual achievements
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Politics
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"Who gets what, when, and how"
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Power
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Ability to exercise one's will over others
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Force
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The actually use of coercion to impose one's will on others
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Influence
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Exercise of power through a process of persuasion
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Authority
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Power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised
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Traditional Authority
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Power is conferred by custom and accepted practice
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Rational-Legal Authority
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Power made legitimate by law
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Charismatic Authority
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Power made legitimate by a leaders emotional appeal to his or her followers
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Elite Model
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Society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of economic beliefs
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Power Elite
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Power rests in the hands of a few, both inside and outside government
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Pluralist Model
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Many competing groups within the community have access to government officials
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Economic System
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Produces, distributes and consumes goods
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Capitalism
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Means of production are held largely in private hands
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Laissez-Faire
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"Let them do"
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Monopoly
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Single business firm controls the market
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Socialism
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Means of production & distribution in a society are collectively owned rather than privately
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Socialism
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Means of production & distribution in a society are collectively owned rather than privately
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Communism
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All property is communally owned and no social distinctions are based on people
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Microfinancing
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Lending small sums of money to the poor so they can work their way out of poverty
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Deindustrialization
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Systematic withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity
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Downsizing
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Reductions taken in a company's workforce
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Fertility
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Birthrate
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Fertility
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Birthrate
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Census
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How people count population
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Fertility
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Birthrate
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Census
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How people count population
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Vital Statistics
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How government keeps track of marriage, divorce, death, birth, etc.
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Fertility
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Birthrate
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Census
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How people count population
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Vital Statistics
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How government keeps track of marriage, divorce, death, birth, etc.
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Birthrate
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Every live birth per 1,000
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Total Fertility Rate
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Average number of children born to any woman
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Total Fertility Rate
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Average number of children born to any woman
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Infant Mortality Rate
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Number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000
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Life Expectancy
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Median number of years a person can be expected to live under current mortality conditions
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Life Expectancy
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Median number of years a person can be expected to live under current mortality conditions
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Growth Rates
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Births, deaths, immigrants, emigrants per 1,000
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Life Expectancy
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Median number of years a person can be expected to live under current mortality conditions
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Growth Rates
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Births, deaths, immigrants, emigrants per 1,000
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Community
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Give people a sense of belonging
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Life Expectancy
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Median number of years a person can be expected to live under current mortality conditions
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Growth Rates
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Births, deaths, immigrants, emigrants per 1,000
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Community
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Give people a sense of belonging
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Preindustrial City
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Rural
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Industrial City
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More open class system & more mobility
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Industrial City
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More open class system & more mobility
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Postindustrial City
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Urbanized
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Industrial City
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More open class system & more mobility
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Postindustrial City
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Urbanized
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Urbanism
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When things are modern, there are more open doors
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Human Ecology
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Interrelationships between people
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Human Ecology
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Interrelationships between people
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Urban Life
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City life
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Concentric Zone Theory
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Only bases from central business district and grows from there
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Concentric Zone Theory
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Only bases from central business district and grows from there
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Multiple-Nuclei Theory
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The opposite
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Brain Drain
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Immigration of professionals in desperate need of money but needed in home country
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