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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A relatively fixed, hierarchical arrangement in society by which groups have different access to resources, power, and perceived social worth is called?
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Social stratification
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The feudal societies of Europe in the Middle ages are an example of an ? system of stratification.
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Estate
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The primary basis for stratification in the U.S. is?
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Class
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In 2007, in order for a person to be in the top 400 wealthiest people in the U.S. on has to have more than?
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1.3 billion
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According to the ? perspective, the most vital jobs in society usually receive the greatest economic rewards.
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Functionalist
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Which sociology theory argues that the elite shape societal beliefs and practices in order to make their own privileges appear legitimate and fair?
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Conflict theory
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? theory emphasizes cohesion in society, while ? theory emphasizes friction between groups.
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Functionalist/Conflict
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According to the modernization theory?
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Economic development is dependent on technological change
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According to ?, poverty results from the dependence of low income countries on wealthy nations.
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Dependency theory
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? theory explains global inequality using the characeristics of individual nations; ? theory argues no country or set of countries may be understood in isolation from the others.
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Modernization/World systems
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The complex system that includes a groups beliefs, values, dress, and way of life is called?
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Culture
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The theory that language determines other aspects of culture since language shapes the way that people perceive the world is called the?
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Sapir Whorf hypothesis
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The specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation are called?
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Norms
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The early sociologist who identified two different types of norms is?
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William Graham Sumner
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Folkways are?
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The ordinary customs of different group cultures
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Mores are?
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Strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior
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In every society the dominant culture is?
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The culture of the most powerful group
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? theorists are most likely to emphasize that cultural norms and beliefs integrate people into groups and create social bonds.
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Functionalist
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Which type of theorists is most likely to emphasize that culture serves the interest of powerful group in society?
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Conflict Theory
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The theoretical perspective that examines how culture creates group identity from diverse cultural meanings is ?
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Symbolic Interaction
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The feeling of disorientation one feels when placed in a MSC: NEW or rapidly changing cultural environment
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Culture shock
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Consists of non-tangible
things such as norms, laws, customs, values, beliefs, and ideas of a group of people |
Non material culture
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Consists of objects created in the society, e.g. the desk or bed you sit at when studying.
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Material Culture
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Characteristics of culture?
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learned
shared symbolic taken for granted varies across time and place |
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Elements of culture?
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Norms
Values Language Beliefs |
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Tendency to assume that one’s own culture and way of life represents the norm or is superior to others.
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Ethnocentrism
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a society.
Segment of society that shares distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from larger society |
Subculture
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Subculture that conspicuously and deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture
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Counterculture
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Penalties and rewards for
conduct concerning social norm |
Sanctions
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The process through which people learn the expectations of society
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Socialization
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What are the agents of socialization?
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1. Family
2. Mass Media 3. Peers 4. Religion 5. Sports 6. Schools |
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The ? is a primary agent of socialization
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Family
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Agents of family socialization?
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–It is the first source of a child’s socialization.
–It is where the child learns his self-identity. –It introduces children to society’s expectations of them. –It teaches children the basic rights and wrongs, practices, norms, and values of the culture they live in. |
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? are those with whom you interact on equal terms, such as friends, fellow students, and coworkers
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Peers
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? is the process by which
different statuses develop in any group, organization, or society. |
Social differentiation
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? is a system in which a small elite group (owners of property and power) have total control over society’s resources.
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Estate
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? is a system where status is assigned based on one’s ascribed status.
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Caste
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? is a system based primarily on achieved status; however one’s ascribed status can matter.
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Class
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Three Dimensions to Stratification?
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Class
Status Party |
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? is a common term for social
class position as class is primarily measured in economic terms, especially when social classes are compared internationally. |
Socioeconomic status
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SES
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Socioeconomic Status
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? is what one owns minus debts
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Wealth
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? is movement between
generations |
Intergenerational
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? is movement within the same
generation. |
Intragenerational
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? is the amount of money needed to support the basic needs of a household.
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Poverty Line
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? is comprised those who have acquired considerable wealth within their own generation
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Nouveau Rich
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Jean Piaget believed what?
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that learning was crucial to socialization but that imagination also had a critical role
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Jean Piaget is associated with what theory?
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Social Learning Theory
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What are the mental categories that the mind organizes experiences into are?
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Schema
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What is the first part of Charles Horton Cooley's "looking glass self"?
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how we think we appear to others
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Young children use their senses to make discoveries
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Sensorimotor
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Children begin to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas
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Preoperational
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Children engage in more logical thinking
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Concrete operational
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Adolescents became capable of sophisticated abstract thought and can deal with ideas and values in a logical manner.
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Formal operational
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What are Piaget's cognitive development stages?
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Sensormotor
Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational |
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The two classical concepts that are associated with the work of William Grahm Sumner are?
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folkways and ethnocentrism.
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? is the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true.
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Belief
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