Sociology : Chapter 6

Front 1

social groups

Back 1

two or more people who interact with one another and who share a common identity and a sense of belonging or "we-ness".

Front 2

primary groups

Back 2

a relatively small group of people who engage in intimate face-to-face interaction over an extended period of time.

Front 3

secondary group

Back 3

a large, usually formal, impersonal, and temporary collection of people who pursue a specific goal or activity.

Front 4

ideal types

Back 4

general traits that describe a social phenomenon rather than every case.

Front 5

in-groups

Back 5

sets of people who share a sense of identity and "we-ness" that typically excludes and devalues outsiders.

Front 6

out-groups

Back 6

people who are viewed and treated negatively because they are seen as having values, beliefs, and other characteristics different from those of an in-group

Front 7

reference group

Back 7

a collection of people who shape our behavior, values, and attitudes

Front 8

groupthink

Back 8

a tendency of in-group members to conform without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas, that results in a narrow view of an issue.

Front 9

social network

Back 9

a web of social ties that links an individual to others.

Front 10

formal organization

Back 10

a complex and structured secondary group that has been deliberately created to achieve specific goals in an efficient manner.

Front 11

voluntary association

Back 11

a formal organization created by people who share a common set of interests and who are not paid for their participation.

Front 12

bureaucracy

Back 12

a formal organization that is designed to accomplish goals and tasks through the efforts of a large number of people in the most efficient and rational way possible.

Front 13

alienation

Back 13

a feeling of isolation, meaninglessness, and powerlessness that may affect workers in a bureaucracy.

Front 14

iron law of oligarchy

Back 14

the tendency of a bureacracy to become increasingly dominated by a small group of people.

Front 15

glass ceiling

Back 15

a collection of attitudinal or organizational biases in the workplace that prevent women from advancing to leadership positions

Front 16

social institution

Back 16

an organized and established social system that meets one or more of a society's basic needs.

Front 17

FUNCTIONALIST - macro

Back 17

organizations are made up of interrelated parts and rules and regulations that produce cooperation in meeting a common goal.

Hint 17

-why are some organizations more effective than others?
-how do dysfunctions prevent organizations from being rational and effective?

Front 18

CONFLICT - macro

Back 18

organizations promote inequality that benefits elites, not workers.

Hint 18

-who controls an organization's resources and decision making?
-how do those with power protect their interests and privileges?

Front 19

FEMINIST- macro & micro

Back 19

organizations tend not to recognize or reward talented women and regularly exclude them from decision-making processes.

Hint 19

-why do many women hit a glass ceiling?
-how do gender stereotypes affect women in groups and organizations?

Front 20

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST - micro

Back 20

people aren't puppets but can determine what goes on in a group or organization

Hint 20

-why do people ignore or change and organizations rules
-how do members of social groups influence workplace behavior?