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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Science
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A logical system that basis knowledge on direct observation.
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Empirical Evidence
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Evidence that we can measure and verify with our senses.
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Three Elements of Science in Sociology
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Concepts, Variables, Measurement
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Concepts
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an abstract idea that represents something in the social in a very simplified form.
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Variables
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Concepts who's values change from one situation to another (upper class, middle class, lower class).
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Measurement
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The process of determining the value of a variable in a particular situation (Housing, School).
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Reliability
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The quality of consistency in scientific measurement.
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Validity
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the quality of measurement that is gained by actually measuring what you intended to measure.
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Independent Variable
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The cause
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Dependent Variable
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The effect
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Objectivity
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to be neutral. (Max Weber)
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Replication
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the idea that other people who repeat your studies should have the same/similar result.
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Subjectivity
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judgment based on individual personal impressions, feelings and opinions rather than external facts.
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Research
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a systematic strategy for carrying out studies.
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4 Methods of Sociological Research
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Experiment, Survey, Participant Observation, Secondary Analysis.
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Experiment
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a research method that investigates cause and effect relationships under highly controlled conditions.
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Experiment Examples
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field, laboratory
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Field
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done in real life situations.
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Hawthorne Effect
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a distinction in behavior because people know hey are being watched.
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Laboratory
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artificially created social situations.
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P. Zimbardo
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"The Stanford County Prison"
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Survey
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a research method in which people are asked to respond to a set of items like in a questionnaire or an interview.
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Survey Examples
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Questionnaire, Interview, Population
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Random Sample
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a sample in which everyone had a chance to be picked.
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Participant Observation
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a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities.
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William Foote Whyte
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"Street Corner Society"
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Secondary Analysis
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Type of social research in which your analyzing data that was originally collected by other people. (Emile Durkheim)
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Secondary Analysis Examples
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Existing Sources, Historical Analysis.
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