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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
status
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role in society (can have many)
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ascribed status
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statuses of gender, race, and age that you are born with
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achieved statuses
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statuses of employment, mother, etc that we attain through our own actions
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master status
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dominant (most important) role that you play
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subordinate statuses
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all your other roles besides the master status
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status inconsistency
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the condition in which the same individual is given two conflicting status rankings (female doctor, low and high)
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prescribed role
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the set of expectations about how a person with a particular status should behave
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role performance
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how a person actually carries out their prescribed role
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role conflict
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when we are expected to play two different statuses at the same time(student athlete)
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role set
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an array of roles attatched to a particular status(college professor-researcher, teacher, mentor, etc)
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role strain
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stress caused from the incompatible demands from the roles of a single status
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social group
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collection of people who interact with one another and have a certain feeling of unity
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social aggregate
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a number of people who happen to be in one place but do not interact with one another (audience)
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primary group
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group whose members interact informally for frienship's sake
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secondary group
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group whose members interact formally and expect to profit from one another
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social institution
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set of widely shared beliefs, norms, and procedures necessary for meeting the basic needs of society
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sociocultural evolution
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process of changing from a technologically simple society to a more complex one, with specific consequences for social and cultural life
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hunting-gathering society
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hunts animals and gathers plants as it's primary means of survival
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pastoral society
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domesticates and herds animals as primary source of food
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horticultural society
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produces food primarly by growing plants in small gardens
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agricultural society
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produces food primarily by using plows and draft animals on the farm
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industrial society
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produces food for subsistence primarily by using machines
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postindustrial society
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produces food so efficiently that high technology and service industry dominate the society
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material culture
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tangible aspect of culture, includes every conceivable kind of physical object produced by humans; reflect the nature of the society in which they were made
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nonmaterial culture
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intangible aspect of culture including knowledge, beliefs, norms, and values
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norms
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social rules that specify how people should behave
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values
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socially shared ideas about what is good, valued, and important
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mores
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strong norms that specify normal behavior and constitute demands, not just expectations
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laws
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formalized mores
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sanctions
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rewards for conforming to norms and punishments for violations of norms
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cultural integration
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the joining of various cultures into a coherent whole
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multiculturalism
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a state in which all subcultures in the same society are equal to one another
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ethnocentrism
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the attitude that one's own culture is superior to those of other peoples
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cultural relativism
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the belief that a culture must be understood on its own terms
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