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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Minority |
A definable category of people who are socially disadvantaged |
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Majority |
A definable category of people who are socially advantaged |
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Stigmatization |
To be socially excluded and diminished because of ones minority status
Based on perceived attributes |
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Race |
historically a group of people that was physically and genetically distinguished from other groups
Skin colour, hair texture, facial features |
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Democratic racism |
A system that advocates equality but in fact perpetuates minority differentiation and oppression |
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Discrimination |
Actions that deny or grant advantages to members of a particular group |
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Racialization |
The process of attributing complex characteristics to racial categories
Ex: all Asians are good at math |
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Internalized racism |
The internalization of racial categorization sin to a persons identity |
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Ethnicity |
A multidimensional concept that includes ones minority or majority status, ancestry, language, and often religious affiliation |
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Ethnic group |
A collection of people who identify with each other and share a common culture, art forms, language, music, traditions and beliefs |
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Prejudice |
A negative prejudgment about a person or group that is irrational, long lasting, and not based on fact |
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Ecological fallacy |
Drawing conclusion about individual attributes from data gathered from an entire group |
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Exception fallacy |
Drawing conclusions about and entire group based on observations of individuals |
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Stereotype |
A stable and sweeping generalization about a category of people |
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Racism |
An ideology that maintains that one "race" is inherently superior to another |
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Race |
historically a group of people that was physically and genetically distinguished from other groups
Skin colour, hair texture, facial features |
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Democratic racism |
A system that advocates equality but in fact perpetuates minority differentiation and oppression |
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Discrimination |
Actions that deny or grant advantages to members of a particular group |
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Individual discrimination |
Occurs when an individual advantages or disadvantages another because of that persons group membership |
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Direct institutional discrimination |
Occurs when an institution employs policies or practices that are discriminatory against a person or group |
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Indirect institutional discrimination |
When individuals are treated differently based on unlawful criteria even though these actions were never intended to be discriminatory
Ex: minimum weight |
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Scapegoat theory |
The assertion that prejudice and discrimination originated in the frustrations of people who want to blame someone else for their problems
John Dollard |
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Authoritarian personality theory |
Asserts that extreme prejudice is a personality trait of people who strongly believe in following cultural norms, traditions, and values |
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Frankfurt school |
A group of German social philosophers dedicated to understanding the role of culture and mass communication in the nazi regime |
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F-test |
Adorno's assessment tool to determine a persons personality and likelihood of holding prejudicial attitudes |
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Culture theory |
The assertion that some prejudice is healthy and a part of all cultures |
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Racialization |
The process of attributing complex characteristics to racial categories
Ex: all Asians are good at math |
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Social distance |
Bogardus's concept of the relative distance people feel between themselves and other racial or ethnic groups |
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Culture of prejudice |
A value system that promotes prejudice, discrimination, and oppression |
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Internalized racism |
The internalization of racial categorization sin to a persons identity |
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Ethnicity |
A multidimensional concept that includes ones minority or majority status, ancestry, language, and often religious affiliation |
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Ethnic group |
A collection of people who identify with each other and share a common culture, art forms, language, music, traditions and beliefs |
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Prejudice |
A negative prejudgment about a person or group that is irrational, long lasting, and not based on fact |
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Ecological fallacy |
Drawing conclusion about individual attributes from data gathered from an entire group |
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Exception fallacy |
Drawing conclusions about and entire group based on observations of individuals |
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Stereotype |
A stable and sweeping generalization about a category of people |
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Racism |
An ideology that maintains that one "race" is inherently superior to another |
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Functionalist Theory |
Prejudice draws your own group closer together Discrimination prevents a society from maximizing the benefits of diversity and the abilities of all of its citizens |
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Conflict Theory |
Prejudice and discrimination are the logical outcomes of competition Dual labour market theory Marxist exploitation theory Critical race theory |
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Dual labour market theory |
Asserts that modern societies have two distinct labour markets (Called primary and secondary labour markets) Primary: Get payed and compensated well Secondary: not payed well, only provides what is legally required |
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Marxist exploitation theory |
The assertion that the powerful economic elites promote and benefit from prejudice and discrimination |
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Critical race theory |
Investigates the intersection of race, class, ethnicity, gender and sexuality to explain prejudice and discrimination 1. Race remains a significant factor in determining inequity in modern society 2. Status in modern society is largely based on property rights 3. The intersection of race and property creates an analytical tool by which scholars can begin to understand social inequality |
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Symbolic Interactionism |
Attitudes and perceptions are learned as a required component of culture or an expression of class conflict; not innate Stress the effects of living as a minority and how minorities develop strategies to protect their self-image |
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Multiracial Feminist Theory |
Investigates race, class, and gender and gives voice to women of colour who may feel alienated from traditional white feminism Domination and oppression are the outcome of an entire system of inequality that diminishes both women and men |
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Post-Colonial Theory |
Examines the ways in which the colonial past has shaped the social, political and economic experience of a colonized country |
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Whiteness as a racial identity |
White as ‘colourless’ Both visible and invisible Default category; non-white ‘marked’ Carries privilege and structural advantage Standard by which all others are measured; ‘normal’ Seidman, 2008; Dyer, 1997 |
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Categories of Minority Relations |
Genocide Expulsion or population transfer Segregation and separatism Assimilation Cultural pluralism or multiculturalism |
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Genocide |
Intentional extermination of all members of a minority group |
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Expulsion or population transfer |
Force a minority to leave the country or confine them to a particular location |
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Segregation and separatism |
Segregation: Formal physical or social separation of dominant and minority groups separatism: Voluntary structural and cultural isolation by minority groups from the dominant group |
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Assimilation vs Melting pot |
Assimilation: Minority group sheds its differences and assumes the traits of the dominant group Melting pot: The blending of new immigrants' traditions and cultural identity into the dominant American culture |
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Cultural pluralism or multiculturalism |
Minority groups retain their cultural identities and the larger society promotes cultural, ethnic and racial diversity Ex: Canada |
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Immigration |
Immigration rates spiked during the 1880s,1910s, 1950s – have remained high and stable since 1990s Levels are the result of many forces Displacement, changes in immigration policies, changes in global communication and transportation networks Promotes diversity and facilitates population growth Immigrants tend to settle in populous provinces and in urban centers 75% of recent immigrants choose to live in Toronto, Montreal or Vancouver |
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Aboriginal Peoples |
Account for 3.8% of the population Fastest growing segment of Canadian population Despite impressive strides, remain at higher risk for illness and die younger than the Canadian population as a whole Inadequate housing and food 1 in 4 earns less than $10.00 per hour |
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Québécois |
Distinct culture and language Bill 101 |
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Charter Groups |
The French and the English in Canada; john porter recognized the important role these groups played in Canadian history and in contemporary social and political development |
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Quiet Revolution |
A movement in Quebec during the 1960s when political and religious traditions were challenged and the French struggled for greater economic, political, and cultural equality with the rest of Canada |
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Chinese Canadians |
Second largest visible minority group in Canada Canadian Pacific Railway workers laid off, impose ‘head tax’ and later the Chinese Immigration (Exclusion) Act 2006 Stephen Harper apologizes |
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Black Canadians |
Third largest visible minority group in Canada Slave trade Currently 1 million in Canada As likely as other Canadians to attend university however, more likely to earn less and be unemployed more often |
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Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982) |
Laws containing the basic rules about how Canada should operate Freedom of expression The right to a democratic government Freedom to live and to seek employment anywhere in Canada Legal rights for people accused of crimes The right to equality, including the equality of men and women The right of French and English linguistic minorities to an education in their own language The rights of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples The protection of Canada’s multicultural heritage |
