Sociology Ch. 5

Front 1

the ordered relationships and patterned expectations that guide social interaction

Back 1

social structure

Front 2

a socially defined position in a social structure

Back 2

status

Front 3

all of the statuses a person has at a given time

Back 3

status set

Front 4

2 or more statuses that a society deems contradictory

Back 4

status inconsistency

Front 5

statuses assigned to individuals without reference to their abilities or efforts

Back 5

ascribed statuses

Front 6

statuses secured through effort and ability

Back 6

achieved statuses

Front 7

a status that dominates all other statuses

Back 7

master statuses

Front 8

a set of expectations, rights, and duties that are attached to a particular status

Back 8

role

Front 9

when people play a role but remain detached from it to avoid any negative aspects of the role

Back 9

role distance

Front 10

when a person's sense of identity is partially influenced by a role

Back 10

role embracement

Front 11

when a role becomes central to a person's identity and the person literally becomes the role he or she is playing

Back 11

role merger

Front 12

multiple roles that are attached to almost every status

Back 12

role set

Front 13

contradictory expectations and demands attached to a single role

Back 13

role strain

Front 14

when a person cannot fulfill the roles of one status without violating those of another

Back 14

role conflict

Front 15

the total web of an individual's relationships and group memberships

Back 15

social network

Front 16

relatively enduring clusters of values, norms, social statuses, roles, and groups that address fundamental social needs

Back 16

social institutions

Front 17

the mutual influence of 2 or more people on each other's behavior

Back 17

social interaction

Front 18

the process by which we form impressions of others and of ourselves

Back 18

social perception

Front 19

static and oversimplified ideas about a group or a social category

Back 19

stereotypes

Front 20

behaviors influenced or shaped by the presence of others

Back 20

social acts

Front 21

an area around our body that we reserve for ourselves, intimate acquaintances, and close friends

Back 21

personal space

Front 22

the body movements, gestures, and facial expressions that we use to communicate with others; includes voice innotation, overall body language, facial expression, distance from listener, touching, gestures, and eye contact

Back 22

nonverbal communication

Front 23

the idea that when people define situations as real they become real in their consequences

Back 23

definition of the situation

Front 24

analyzes social interaction as though participants were actors in an ongoing drama

Back 24

dramaturgy

Front 25

ways that people use revelation and concealment to make a favorable impression on others

Back 25

impression management

Front 26

a way of analyzing the "taken for granted" aspects that give meaning to social interaction

Back 26

ethnomethodology

Front 27

research by Granovetter

Back 27

looked at job hunting by direct application, formal means, and personal contacts. found that personal contacts (or social networks) is more successful

Front 28

patterns of social interaction

Back 28

-exvhange
-cooperation
-competition
-conflict
-coercion

Front 29

most basic form of social interaction. we seek to maximize rewards and minimize costs. expectation that gifts, recognition, love, and other favors will be returned

Back 29

exchange

Front 30

a pattern of interaction in which individuals, groups, and societies work together to achieve shared goals. sustains routine face to face encounters.

Back 30

cooperation

Front 31

a pattern of interaction in which both individuals and groups strive to achieve a shared goal. instead of joining with others to achieve valued goals, people or groups contest for them, recognizing that society's prizes are in limited supply and only one person or group can attain them

Back 31

competition

Front 32

a pattern of interaction in which people or groups struggle to achieve a "commonly prized object or goal"

Back 32

conflict

Front 33

this binds people together when they are compelled to interact with each other. the actualization of the threat of force that those with power sometimes use to achieve their objectives

Back 33

coercion

Front 34

ceremonies, like the wedding ceremony, that helps a person "break with the old role" and helps usher you into a new one

Back 34

rites of passage

Front 35

refer to verbal scripts and the use of certain words or questions that prompt the actor to respond in certain ways

Back 35

cues

Front 36

refer to a clever verbal device where you can get away with the things if you account for the criticism of it

Back 36

accounts

Front 37

intimate distance (up to 18"). reserved for those intimate in our lives

Back 37

zone 1

Front 38

personal distance (18"-4'). for those we know personally.

Back 38

zone 2

Front 39

social distance (4'-12'). for people we barely know.

Back 39

zone 3

Front 40

public distance (12'+). preferred distance for those in general public we don't know.

Back 40

zone 4