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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of sociology?
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the scientific study of society
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What is Auguste Comte famous for?
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considered founder of sociology; began positivism
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What is positivism?
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scientific methods applied to the study of society
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What is Emile Durkheim famous for?
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studying the issue of suicide
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What did Durkheim discover in his studies?
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males, singles, and Protestants were more likely to commit suicide
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What is social integration?
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degree to which a person has strong social ties
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What is Max Weber famous for?
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believed that the key to understanding society is to discover what is the dominant religion
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What did Weber find in his studies?
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Catholics resisted social change; Protestants were mor eopen to social change
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What is Herbert Spencer famous for?
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social Darwinism; pure sociology
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What is social Darwinism?
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society will evolve
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What is Karl Marx famous for?
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studying class welfare; applied sociology
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What is WEB DuBois famous for?
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first African American to recieve PhD at Harvard; studied race relations in the US; founded NAACP; wrote 1 book a year for over 20 years
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What are the 3 theories?
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1. conflict theory
2. functional theory 3. symbolic interactionist |
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When did sociology begin?
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began in Europe in the 1800's
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Why did sociology begin?
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the Industrial Revolution (steam engine) brought on huge social change
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What is functionalism?
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the idea that society is composed of many parts, each part having a function, and this helps society maintain balance/equilibrium; changes happen slowly
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What is a manifest function?
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the direct reason for something ex.) prisons > punishment
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What is s latent function?
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unintended function ex.) prisons > community service
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What is a dysfunction?
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unintended consequences ex.) prisons > cost
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What is poverty's function?
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to keep goods cheap
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What is the conflict theory?
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idea that all social relations are driven by conflict/competition over scarce resourses ex.) money, power, time
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What do conflict theorists believe is the reason for inequality?
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the rich/powerful have structured society to benefit themselves
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Does change happen slowly or quickly with the conflict theory?
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quickly, sometimes with violence (uprisings)
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What is the symbolic interactionalist theory?
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symbols in culture need to be understood because understanding symbols = understanding behavior ex.) language, gestures, clothing, objects
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What are the 8 steps of research?
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1. Select a topic
2. Define the problem 3. Review the literature 4. Formulate a hypothesis 5. Develop a method for retrieving data 6. Gather Data 7. Write report 8. Publish findings |
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What is a hypothesis?
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statement about the correlation between variables
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What is needed for a good survey?
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1. large random sample
2. both open and closed ended questions 3. confidentiality 4. neutral questions |
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What is an open ended question?
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allow people to answer is their own words
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What is a closed ended question?
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gives a specific choice for answers (yes or no)
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How can data be obtained?
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1. surveys
2. participant observation 3. secondary analysis 4. documents 5. experiments 6. unobrusive methods (cameras) |
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What is participant observation?
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going into the field, playing a role, and observing
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What is secondary analysis?
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looking at data/research that has already been collected and reanalyizng it
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What is an independent variable?
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the thing that you believe will cause change in the dependent variable
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What is a dependent variable?
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the object of change
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