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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Various individuals, groups, and organizations that influence the socialization process. |
Agents of Socialization |
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Process through which people acquire the values and orientations found in statuses they will likely enter in the future. |
Anticipatory Socialization |
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the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it |
collectivism |
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Control of mating to ensure that "defective" genes of troublesome individuals will not be passed on to future generations. |
Eugenics |
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process in the development of self during which a child acquires the ability to take the role of a group or community (the generalized other) and conform his or her behavior to broad societal expectations. |
Game Stage |
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Psychological, social, and cultural aspects of maleness and femaleness |
gender |
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perspective of the larger society and its constituents values and attitudes |
generalized other |
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essential aspect of who we are, consisting of our sense of self, gender, race, ethnicity, and religion |
identity |
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culture in which personal accomplishments are a more important component of one's self-concept than group membership |
individualist culture |
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sense of who we are that is defined by incorporating the reflected appraisals of others |
looking-glass self |
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Process in the development of self during which a child develops the ability to take a role, but only from the perspective of one person at a time |
Play stage |
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Behavior in which the person initiating an action is the same as the person toward whom the action is directed |
Reflexive behavior |
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Process of learning new values, norms, and expectations when an adult leaves an old role and enters a new one |
Resocialization |
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Ability to see oneself from the perspective of others and to use that perspective in formulating one's own behavior |
Role taking |
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Unique set of traits, behaviors, and attitudes that distinguishes one person form the next; the active source and passive object of behavior |
Self |
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Biological maleness or femaleness |
Sex |
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Process through which one learns how to act according to the rules and expectations of a particular culture |
Socialization |
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Place where individuals are cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period and where together they lead an enclosed, formally administered life |
Total Institution |
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Grouping of students into different curricular programs, or tracks, based on an assessment of their academic abilities |
Tracking |
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Statement designed to explain unanticipated, embarrassing, or unacceptable behavior after the behavior has occurred |
Account |
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Action taken to restore an identity that has been damaged |
Aligning Action |
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Area of social interaction away from the view of an audience, where people can rehearse and rehash their behavior |
Back stage |
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Gently persuading someone who has lost fact to accept a less desirable but still reasonable alternative identity |
cooling out |
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Assertion designed to forestall any complaints or negative reactions to a behavior or statement that is about to occur |
Disclaimer |
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Study of social interaction as theater, in which people project images in front of others. |
Dramaturgy |
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Spontaneous feeling experienced when the identity someone is presenting is suddenly and unexpectedly discredited in front of others |
embarrassment |
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Area of social interaction where people perform and work to maintain appropriate impressions |
front stage |
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the process by which we define others based on observable cues such as age, ascribed status characteristics such as race and gender, individual attributes such as physical appearance, and verbal nonverbal expressions |
impression formation |
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Act of presenting a favorable public image of oneself so that others will form positive judgements |
impression management |
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set of individuals who cooperate in staging a performance that leads an audience to form an impression of one or all team members |
performance team |
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deeply discrediting characteristic that is viewed as an obstacle to competent or morally trustworthy behavior |
stigma |
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Marriage within one's social group |
endogamy |
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Marriage outside ones social group |
Exogamy |
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Family unit consisting of the parent-child nuclear family and other relatives, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins |
extended family |
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Two or more persons, including the householder, who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption and who live together as one household. |
family |
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Living arrangement composed of one or more people who occupy a housing unit |
household |
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the practice of being married to only one person at a time. |
monogamy |
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living arrangement in which a married couple sets up residence separate from either spouse's family |
neolocal residence |
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family unit consisting of at least one parent and one child |
nuclear family |
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marriage of one person to more than one spouse at the same time |
polygamy |
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Approach to defining deviance that rests on the assumption that all human behavior can be considered either inherently good or inherently bad |
Absolutism |
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Official definition of an act of deviance as a crime |
criminalization |
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theory of deviance positing that people will be prevented from engaging in a deviant act if they judge the costs of such an act to outweigh its benefits |
deterrence theory |
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Behavior, ideas, or attributes of an individual or group that some people in society find offensive |
deviance |
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Theory stating that deviance is the consequence of the application of rules and sanctions to an offender: a deviant is an individual to whom the identity "deviant" has been successfully applied |
Labeling Theory |
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Definition of behavior as a medical problem, mandating the medical profession to provide some kind of treatment for it |
medicalization |
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Approach to defining deviance that rests on the assumption that deviance is socially created by collective human judgments and ideas |
relativism |
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Tracing descent through the mother |
Bilineal |
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of, relating to, or based on relationship to the father or descent through the male line. |
Patrilineal |
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victim of a crime or any wrongful act is held entirely or partially responsible for the harm that befell them |
blame the victim |
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compliance with standards, rules, or laws |
conformity |
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A stigma that you get because people around you have it |
courtesy stigma |
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the family of one's parents and relatives |
family of orientation |
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the family created by marriage |
family of procreation |
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attempts to manipulate the consciousness of citizens so that the ruling ideology |
Ideological social control |
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the average period that a person may expect to live |
life expectancy |
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the length of time for which a person or animal lives or a thing functions |
life span |
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is social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society |
marginalization |
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as engaging in the initial act of deviance |
primary deviance |
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respect or credit due to a person |
props |
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as the stage in which one internalizes a deviant identity by integrating it into their self-concept |
Secondary deviance |
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rights and obligations of the affected |
sick role |
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is the regulation of individual and group behavior in an attempt to gain conformity and compliance to the rules of a given society, state, or social group |
social control |
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system of behavioral and relationship patterns that are densely interwoven and enduring, and function across an entire society |
social institutions |
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meaning the stigma disqualifies the stigmatized individual from full social acceptance |
spoiled identity |
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holds that each society has a dominant set of values and goals along with acceptable means of achieving them. Not everyone is able to realize these goals |
strain theory |
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the view of social behavior that emphasizes linguistic or gestural communication and its subjective understanding, especially the role of language in the formation of the child as a social being. |
symbolic interactionism |
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include fraud, bribery, Ponzi schemes, insider trading, embezzlement, cybercrime, copyright infringement, money laundering, identity theft, and forgery. |
white collar crime |