Sociology 120

Front 1

Sociological Imagination:

Back 1

the ability to see our private experiences, personal difficulties, and achievements as, in part, a reflection of the structural arrangements of society and the times in which we live. (examples: going about our daily activities thinking about school, our jobs, family, etc; allows us to see the relations ship between our personal relationship and the broader social and historical events.)

Front 2

Class Conflict:

Back 2

Karl Marx: Class Conflict- struggle between the classes, the capitalist class (rich), and the oppressed working class (middle class;poor people). The capitalist own the means of production such as owning the factories which allows the, to exploit the working class. The working class only has labor power and must sell it in order to exist.

Front 3

The Looking Glass Self:

Back 3

Process in which we imaginatively assume the stance of other people and view ourselves as we believe they see us. People transform themselves and their words as they engage in social interaction.

Front 4

Scientific Method:

Back 4

A series of steps that seeks to ensure maximum objectivity in investigating a problem, allows researchers to pursue answers to their questions by gathering evidence in a systematic manner.

Front 5

Conflict Theories:

Back 5

Focus on society as a whole, study its institutions and structural arrangements. Conflict among many groups and interests such as as religion vs religion, race versus race, consumers vs producers, taxpayers vs welfare recipients, young vs old, etc.

Front 6

Mechanical Solidarity (Durkheim):

Back 6

People knit together  by engagement in similar tasks. They derive a sense of oneness from being so much alike. (ex: hunting and gathering)

Front 7

Organic Solidarity:

Back 7

Society is held together by the interdependence fostered by the differences among people. Complex social structure and sophisticated division of labor. People perform specialized tasks. No one-person is self sufficient and depend on each other to survive.

Front 8

The significant (mead):

Back 8

The People you think matter to you; you choose how special and significant they are to you. ( boss, teacher)

Front 9

Generalized Other:

Back 9

Relationship with the situation; develop more understanding with your self( ex: school and developing to become you based on the rules)

Front 10

The Social Construction of Self (Mead, Yinger):

Back 10

Constructing ourselves through our interactions with the world. Understanding ourselves through other people. Happens every day;

Front 11

Social Structure:

Back 11

enduring patterns of interaction everywhere. Includes Groups, institutions, bureaucracies, organizations and society.

Front 12

Social Status:

Back 12

A position within a group or society. We locate one another in various social structures.( Ex:Mother, mayor, friend, supervisor, female, teacher, shopper, manger, president, etc)

Front 13

Social Group:

Back 13

Two or more people who are bound together in relatively stable patterns of social interactions and who share a feeling of unity

Front 14

Social Organization:

Back 14

Group that has the rules and roles written down. Its clear and stable. Powerful (ex:dvc)

Front 15

Bureaucracy:

Back 15

A social structure made up of a hierarchy of statuses and roles that is prescribed by explicit
rules and procedures and based on a division of function and authority.

Front 16

Power:

Back 16

The ability to control the behavior of others, even against their will. Determines who will gain and who will lose. Determines which group has influence over others.

Front 17

Authority:

Back 17

Power that is legitimate. When individuals have authority, they have a recognized and established right to, give orders and act as leaders.

Front 18

Culture:

Back 18

Learned and shared ways that people give meaning to themselves and the world around them. (ex:background noise has no meaning unless we notice it)

Front 19

Norms:

Back 19

Social Rules that specify appropriate and inappropriate behavior in given situations.Tell us what we should, ought, and must do (ex:student conduct)

Front 20

Values:

Back 20

Broad ideas regarding what is desirable, correct and good that most members of a society share.

Front 21

Symbols:

Back 21

acts or objects that have come to be socially accepted as standing for something else.

Front 22

Representative Sampling:

Back 22

A Sample that accurately reflects the composition of the general public.

Front 23

Society:

Back 23

A group of people who live with in the same territory and share a common culture

Front 24

Social Facts:

Back 24

Aspects of Social life that cannot be explained in terms of the biological or mental characteristics of the individual. People experience the social fact as external to themselves in the sense that it has an independent reality and forms a part of their objective environment.

Front 25

Participant Observation Research:

Back 25

A technique in which researchers engage in activities with the people that they are observing

Front 26

Ethnocentrism:

Back 26

The tendency to judge the behavior of other groups by the standards of one's own group.

Front 27

Cultural Relativism:

Back 27

A value free of neutral approach that views the behavior of a people from the perspective of their own culture.

Front 28

Folkways:

Back 28

Norms people do not deem to be of great importance and to which they exact less stringent of conformity.(outsiders, weirdos)

Front 29

Mores:

Back 29

Norms to which people attach a good deal of importance and exact strict conformity(outrage,pedophiles, criminals)

Front 30

Dominant Ideology:

Back 30

values, beliefs, and mores shared by the majority of the people in a given society. The dominant ideology is said to frame how the majority of the population think about the nature of their society, and so to the extent that it does, it may serve the interests of the ruling class. The extent to which it effectively does so has declined during the modern era.

Front 31

Institutions:

Back 31

Organizations that have the same common goal.(Education, economy) largest program in organized life

Front 32

Role:

Back 32

expected behavior of position occupants. Behaviors attached to positions.We occupy a status and play a role.

Front 33

Informal Norms:

Back 33

vague

Front 34

Formal Norms:

Back 34

written down

Front 35

Order Theories:

Back 35

Order theory is the theory that society is based on shared values. That society is explained by the values they hold and defend. According to this theory, the reason discrimination occurs is that the society is defending its values from the 'intruding' value set that the immigrated have brought with them.