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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The sociologist who conducted extensive research on varying rates of suicide within a specific country and among different countries was ________.
A) Emile Durkheim B) Talcott Parsons C) C. Wright Mills D) Karl Marx |
Emile Durkheim
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Many African Americans feel the flag for the Confederate States of America, "the stars and bars", is a sign of racial hatred. States rights advocates view the same flag as being "heritage, not hatred." Such a difference of opinion over the exact same material object is an illustration of which sociological perspective?
A) Functional Analysis B) Structural Analysis C) Conflict Theory D) Symbolic Interactionism |
Symbolic Interactionism
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The first step in the scientific research method is ________.
A) reviewing the literature B) selecting a topic C) defining the problem D) formulating a hypothesis |
selecting a topic
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theoretical perspective of symbolic interactionism can be traced to:
A) early Roman academicians of the 6th century. B) Scottish moral philosophers of the 18th century. C) ancient Greek philosophers including Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato. D) political statesmen of the emerging American nation in the late 1700s. |
Scottish moral philosophers of the 18th century
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Herbert Spencer believed that societies evolved from lower to higher forms because as generations pass, the most capable and intelligent members of society prosper while the less capable die out. Spencer referred to this process as ________.
A) the industrialization of society B) positivism C) the survival of the fittest D) social egalitarianism |
the survival of the fittest
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One of the primary differences between the study of society done by the people of ancient civilizations and the study of society conducted by sociologists in the 19th century was that:
A) only 19th century sociologists tested their theories with systematic research. B) ancient civilizations were egalitarian and did not address class differences. C) only 19th century sociologists addressed social problems. D) war and social conflict were a product of the industrial revolution and unknown to ancient peoples. |
only 19th century sociologists tested their theories with systematic research.
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Sociologists emphasize the notion that our thinking and motivation are largely determined by ________.
A) our natural born instincts B) influences drawn from our life experiences C) our biologically inherited genetic structure D) our individual personalities |
influences drawn from our life experiences
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The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately weaken the social order is a doctrine known as ________.
A) social Darwinism B) positivism C) social welfare D) post-modernism |
A) Social Darwinism
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The concept that refers to the accuracy of operational definitions measuring what they are untended to measure is ________.
A) reliability B) validity C) function D) variance |
B) Validity
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Margie is on an educational trip to a village in Africa. One evening her African hosts served a stew containing giant red ants and other insects. After dinner, Margie asked what was in the delicious stew she just enjoyed. When her host told her, Margie became ill and returned to her hut. Margie has just experienced ________.
A) ethnocentrism B) a rite of passage C) the relativist fallacy D) culture shock |
D) culture shock
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Marshall is examining the culture of the Lenape Indians. He is exploring how the various aspects of the Lenape culture fit together including their religion, family values, agricultural efforts, and customs. By doing so, Marshall is practicing ________.
A) cultural relativism B) universalism C) ethnocentrism D) cultural leveling |
A) cultural relativism
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In the opening passage, the author discusses how trying to be polite while purchasing a ticket didn't work and he had to resort to forceful and aggressive tactics to receive service. In this case, the author's behavior can best be described by which statement?
A) The author is displaying ethnocentrism by using his superior size to forge ahead of the Moroccans. B) By accepting the Moroccan custom of pushing and shoving in line, the author was practicing the concept of cultural leveling. C)The situation illustrates the differences in nonmaterial culture by Americans and Moroccans. D) The author was practicing the relativist fallacy because pushing and shoving are never acceptable. |
C) The situation illustrates the differences in nonmaterial culture by Americans and Moroccans.
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Jacob has just been banished from his community with the stipulation he is never to be return. In view of this, it is most likely that Jacob has:
A) engaged in a behavior considered as being a taboo. B) just received an informal negative sanction. C)violated a folkway. D) been on a moral holiday |
A) engaged in a behavior considered as being a taboo.
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Which statement is least true of role-taking behavior as developed by George Herbert Mead?
A) The theory was based on symbolic interactionism. B) Mead used the term "looking glass self" to indicate the self as subject. C) The role-taking behavior of children is developed in a three stage process. D) Younger children have less ability to visualize the role of others than older children. |
B) Mead used the term "looking glass self" to indicate the self as subject.
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The basic premise of Piaget's model of development that has remained unchanged is that:
A) intelligence is related to development. B) social stratification is a major influence on moral development. C)children begin with the concrete and move to the abstract. D) development is a product a society's technology. |
C) children begin with the concrete and move to the abstract.
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If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. This classic statement is known as the ________.
A) Thomas Theorem B) Peter Principle C) Garfinkel Theorem D) Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis |
A) Thomas Theorem
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The organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets its basic needs such as family, religion, economics, and science are referred to as ________.
A) social constructs B) social institutions C) agents of socialization D) virtual communities |
B) social institutions
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According to sociologist Martin Jankowski, one of the reasons boys in the urban areas of the U.S. were motivated to join gangs was to ________.
A) get back at their parents B) escape broken homes C) help the community D) seek a substitute family |
C) help the community
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Josh needs to achieve a 3.5 grade point average to qualify for admission to graduate school. He fears that he will not pass the final exam in chemistry and has decided to sit next to Heather, the best student in the class, and copy her paper. According to Merton's theory and typologies, Josh would be considered a[n] ________.
A) ritualist B) rebel C)retreatist D) innovator |
D) innovator
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In an effort to resist the label of "deviant," most people will develop rationales to justify their deviant acts. Sykes and Matza refer to these rationales as ________.
A) ideologies B) strategies of justification C) techniques of neutralization D) labeling |
C) techniques of neutralization
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Which of the following statement is least true regarding the concept of ideology versus force as a means to maintain stratification?
A) Medieval Europe provides a prime example of how ideology maintains stratification. B) Withholding information "in the interest of national security" is a technique democracies use to maintain stratification. C) Coercion is as effective as ideology, but it is expensive and creates false consciousness. D) The divine right of kings was an ideology used by nobility and clergy with great effect. |
C) Coercion is as effective as ideology, but it is expensive and creates false
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Although the working class is more liberal on ________ issues, this class tends to be more conservative on ________ issues.
A)economic; religious B) economic; social C) social; economic D) religious |
B) economic; social
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Juan, an Hispanic, and Harold, a white male, have each applied for a home mortgage at the local bank. Juan's loan was turned down while Harold's loan was given to him. In comparing their credit history, both men had good credit, and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ________ against Juan.
A) individual prejudice B) individual discrimination C) institutional discrimination D) institutional prejudice |
C) institutional discrimination
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In the 18th century executioners wore black hoods to conceal their identities and separate their actions from a sense of being a good and moral person. Such an action is referred to as ________.
A) subjugation B) compartmentalization C) selective perception D) apartheid |
B) compartmentalization
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How a country's dominant group exploits minority groups for its economic advantage refers to ________.
A) segregation B)assimilation C) internal colonialism D) colonization |
C) internal colonialism
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The life expectancy of men born in the year 2000 is approximately ________ and the life expectancy of women born that year is approximately ________.
A) 70; 77 B) 76; 82 C) 74; 80 D) 72; 79 |
B) 76; 82
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Which statement is least true of the aging American population?
A) Americans rank number one in life expectancy among nations of the wold. B) Today, approximately 13 percent of the U.S. population is over 65. C) There are 7 million more elderly people than teenagers in the United States today. D) The number of years people can expect to live has increased about 30 years since 1900. |
A) Americans rank number one in life expectancy among nations of the wold.
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The elaborate consumption of material goods was described by Thorstein Veblen as ________.
A) conspicuous consumption B) pretentious consumption C) ostentatious accumulation D) "living the good life" |
A) conspicuous consumption
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People who think alike on a particular issue and who can be mobilized for political action defines a[n] ________.
A) special-interest group B) political aggregate C) social group D) lobbyist |
A) special-interest group
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As industrialization created a greater and greater surplus in the U.S., people began to emphasize the:
A) production of goods rather than consumption of goods. B) consumption and a concern for salvation. C) productivity and investment of profits. D) consumption of goods rather than production of goods. |
D) consumption of goods rather than production of goods.
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In ________ societies, power shifted from the heads of families and clans to a ruling elite which resulted in greater inequality.
A) agricultural B) hunting and gathering C) pastoral D) horticultural |
A) agricultural
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Sociologists Blumstein and Schwartz found that same-sex couples faced the same problems that heterosexual couples did but they were ________.
A) more likely to break up B) more likely to remain in a stable relationship C) less likely to experience financial difficulties D) able to resolve them more quickly |
A) more likely to break up
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The nine bloody Crusades to control the Holy Land, the burning of witches at the stake, and sacrifice of virgins by the Aztecs illustrate how:
A) different cultures define the sacred and the profane. B) religion can be dysfunctional. C) neo-conflict theorists would explain religious persecution. D) suffering is a basic principle of all religions. |
B) religion can be dysfunctional.
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The theologian who taught that God had predestined some people to go to heaven and others to go to hell was ________.
A) Jeremiah Smith B) John Calvin C) David Koresch D) Max Weber |
B) John Calvin
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The ________ refers to the powerful nations that dominate the world today.
A) Group of Eight B) Triumvirate C) Dominant Four D) Tri-council |
A) Group of Eight
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Of the following sets of theorists, the two who viewed society as a type of living organism and are identified as being the earliest structural functionalists are ________.
A) Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer B) Karl Marx and W.I. Thomas C) Ernest Burgess and Lewis Coser Jr. D) George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley |
A) Auguste Comte and Herbert Spencer
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A feeling of trust the researcher must establish with his or her respondents is referred to as ________.
A) validity B) rapport C) reliability D)randomization |
B) rapport
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The research method that is also referred to as "fieldwork" is ________.
A) participant-observation B) experimentation C) the use of surveys D) secondary analysis |
A) participant-observation
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The twelve core values identified in American culture cited in the text were first proposed in 1965 by sociologist ________.
A) George Carlin B) Travis Hirschi C) Robin Williams D) Robert Merton |
C) Robin Williams
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Bob's football coach is a very important influence in his life. Many of Bob's actions are attempts to win the approval of his coach. Mead would suggest that the coach is one of Bob's ________.
A) primary group members B) reference group members C) generalized others D) significant others |
D) significant others
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The "distance zone" identified by Edward Hall extending 4 to 12 feet and being reserved for such things as job interviews is called ________.
A) social distance B) public distance C) intimate distance D) formal distance |
A) social distance
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The emerging bioeconomic society may be traced to 1953 when Crick and Watson identified the ________.
A) A-1 gene as the cause of alcoholism B) double helix structure of DNA C) pentium microprocessor D) importance of instinct in human behavior |
B) double helix structure of DNA
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According to the author, the best way to defend against groupthink is to:
A) add a member to every committee to play the Devil's advocate and argue issues. B) widely circulate quality research relative to the issue under consideration. C) take an anonymous vote on every major decision. D) keep committees to a minimum of members. |
B) widely circulate quality research relative to the issue under consideration.
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Thomas Szasz argues that mental illness is neither mental nor an illness. He claims that either the so-called mental illness is a physical illness or that a person:
A) is using inappropriate coping skills. B) lacks the intellectual ability to function in society. C) is apathetic. D) is using these behaviors for attention. |
A) is using inappropriate coping skills.
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In the opening passage anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon writes about his first experience encountering the Yanomamo who were under the influence of a hallucinogenic drug. Chagnon's experience was conveyed to illustrate that:
A) primitive cultures are common throughout the world. B) some cultures require drug use to cope with the pressures of life. C) drug use is a global problem and not just one in western countries. D) there is no universal model for behavior and deviance is relative. |
D) there is no universal model for behavior and deviance is relative.
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The relativity of deviance is best explained by the ________ perspective.
A) conflict B) structural functionalist C) symbolic interactionist D) neo-conflict |
C) symbolic interactionist
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Representative democracy is based on ________.
A) gender B) race C) owning property D) citizenship |
D) citizenship
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An economic system where both the state and individuals produce and distribute goods and services, such as the system found in Sweden and Denmark, is referred to as ________.
A) socialistic capitalism B) democratic socialism C) laissez-faire socialism D)restrained capitalism |
B) democratic socialism
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From a ________ perspective, we create our own worlds. This implies that to have a good marriage, it is essential for people to perceive that a good marriage is possible and worth working toward achieving.
A) conflict B) functionalist C) symbolic interactionist D) psychological |
C) symbolic interactionist
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In the research on the tearoom trade conducted by Laud Humphreys, a violation of ethics occurred because the researcher:
A) violated the confidentiality of the participants in his study. B) falsified the results of his study. C) mislead his subjects and deceived them. D) subjected the subjects in his study to harm. |
C) mislead his subjects and deceived them.
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The steam engine was to the birth of the Industrial Revolution as ________ was to the birth of capitalism.
A) positivism B) the Protestant ethic C) democracy D) the creation of the world bank |
B) the Protestant ethic
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Which of the following is least representative of activity that would take place in a bioeconomic society?
A) developing crops that provide better nutrition as well as antibiotics or contraceptives B) the cloning of plants, animals, and possibly humans C) the mass production of industrial goods and conspicuous consumption D) emphasis on the prevention of disease with less need for treatment |
C) the mass production of industrial goods and conspicuous consumption
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As Russia embraced capitalism more and more, an unintended result was:
A) the emergence of a powerful Mafia headed by gangsters and corrupt government officials. B) the rise of a large class known as the petty bourgeoisie. C) people began to immigrate from surrounding countries creating over population. D) political parties began to develop along class lines. |
A) the emergence of a powerful Mafia headed by gangsters and corrupt government officials.
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Corwin was in a car accident in his senior year in high school and is in a wheelchair. He is a freshman attending the state university. This is an example of ________.
A) social integration B) leveling C) social placement D) mainstreaming |
D) mainstreaming
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Anthropologist Marvin Harris proposed that gender inequality was originally caused by:
A) the superior strength of most men over women. B) the requirement for women to bear and nurse children. C) the higher intellectual ability of women. D) the accumulation of surplus as societies grew larger. |
A) the superior strength of most men over women.
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At the current rates of growth, it will take a Least Industrialized Nation ________ years to double its population and ________ years for the average Most Industrialized Nation to double its population.
A) 62; 1,000 B) 53; 750 C) 75; 1,200 D) 45; 500 |
A) 62; 1,000
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During the ________ stages of a social movement a division of labor is set up.
A) organizational decline and possible resurgence stage B) institutionalization stage C) organization stage D) resource mobilization stage |
C) organization stage
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