Socio 1 Ch. 07

Front 1

A definition of the family based on blood, meaning shared genetic heritage, and law, meaning social recognition and affirmation of the bond including both marriage and adoption.

Back 1

substantive definition of the family

Front 2

The state of being related to others.

Back 2

kinship

Front 3

A kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important.

Back 3

bilateral descent

Front 4

A kinship system in which only the father's relatives are significant.

Back 4

patrilineal descent

Front 5

A kinship system in which only the mother's relatives are significant.

Back 5

matrilineal descent

Front 6

A family in which relatives - such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles - live in the same household as parents and their children.

Back 6

extended family

Front 7

A married couple and their unmarried children living together.

Back 7

nuclear family

Front 8

A form of marriage in which one woman and one man are married only to each other.

Back 8

monogamy

Front 9

A form of marriage in which a person may have several spouses in his or her lifetime but only one spouse at a time.

Back 9

serial monogamy

Front 10

A form of marriage in which an individual may have several husbands or wives simultaneously.

Back 10

polygamy

Front 11

A form of polygamy in which a man may have more than one wife at the same time.

Back 11

polygyny

Front 12

A form of polygamy in which a woman may have more than one husband at the same time.

Back 12

polyandry

Front 13

A definition of families that focuses on what families do for society and for their members.

Back 13

functionalist definition of families

Front 14

A society in which men dominate in family decision making.

Back 14

patriarchy

Front 15

A society in which women dominate in family decision making.

Back 15

matriarchy

Front 16

An authority pattern in which spouses are regarded as equals.

Back 16

egalitarian family

Front 17

The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group.

Back 17

endogamy

Front 18

The requirement that people select a mate outside certain groups.

Back 18

exogamy

Front 19

The prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives.

Back 19

incest taboo

Front 20

The conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics and interests similar to one's own.

Back 20

homogamy

Front 21

A sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness.

Back 21

machismo

Front 22

Pride in the extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk outside the immediate family.

Back 22

familism

Front 23

In a legal sense, a process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents.

Back 23

adoption

Front 24

A family in which only one parent is present to care for the children.

Back 24

single-parent family

Front 25

The practice of a man and a woman living together in a sexual relationship without being married.

Back 25

cohabitation

Front 26

Two unrelated adults who share a mutually caring relationship, reside together, and agree to be jointly responsible for their dependents, basic living expenses, and other common necessities.

Back 26

domestic partnership

Front 27

Families that are the result of a divorce and remarriage.

Back 27

blended families

Front 28

What are the two sociological definitional approaches to family?

Back 28

The Substantive Definition & The Functional Definition.

Front 29

The Substantive Definition of family focuses on:

Back 29

what family IS; blood and law

Front 30

The Functional Definition of family focuses on:

Back 30

what families DO

Front 31

The primary advantage of the substantive definitional approach is:

Back 31

that boundaries are clear; we can tell who in and who is out of the family; easier to count; U.S. census uses this approach.

Front 32

kinship groups are assigned according to:

Back 32

their relationship to the mother or the father.

Front 33

What are the 3 kinship groups?

Back 33

bilateral descent, patrilineal descent, and matrilineal descent.

Front 34

What kinship group is followed in the U.S.?

Back 34

bilateral descent

Front 35

Historian ______ _______ states that historically, the primary reason for getting married was not to obtain a partner, but to:

Back 35

Stephanie Coontz; obtain in-laws, thus extending one's social network.

Front 36

What are some advantages of the extended family?

Back 36

Crises put less strain on family members because there are more people to provide assistance and emotional support. Also, the extended family provides a larger economic unit.

Front 37

"marriage-go-round" or serial monogamy =

Back 37

Andrew Cherlin

Front 38

In most societies, __________ has been the preferred form of marriage.

Back 38

polygamy

Front 39

Anthropologist who sampled 565 societies and studied polygamy:

Back 39

George Murdock

Front 40

At least 10% of men still have polygamist marriages in these countries.

Back 40

28 sub-saharan African countries.

Front 41

Which cultures practice polyandry?

Back 41

the Nyinba culture of Nepal and Tibet

Front 42

six primary functions of families theorist?

Back 42

William Ogburn

Front 43

What are the six primary functions of family?

Back 43

-Reproduction
-Regulation of Sexual Behavior
-Affection and Companionship
-Protection
-Provision of Social Status
-Socialization

Front 44

A primary function of family:
For a society to maintain itself, it must replace dying members.

Back 44

Reproduction

Front 45

A primary function of family:
Parents and others family members monitor a child's behavior and transmit the norms, values, and language of their culture to the child.

Back 45

Socialization

Front 46

A primary function of family:
Unlike the young of other animal species, human infants need constant care and economic security.

Back 46

Protection

Front 47

A primary function of family:
Norms of sexual behavior are most clearly defined within the family circle.

Back 47

Regulation of Sexual Behavior

Front 48

A primary function of family:
Family members provide members with warm and intimate relationships, helping them to feel secure.

Back 48

Affection and Companionship

Front 49

A primary function of family:
We inherit a social position because of the family background and reputation of our parents and siblings.

Back 49

Provision of Social Status

Front 50

family IS:

Back 50

what family DOES.

Front 51

Said that the family is the ultimate source of social inequality because of its role in the transfer of power, property, and privilege.
Sociological theory?

Back 51

Friedrich Engles; Social Conflict Theory

Front 52

Argued that the family, historically, has legitimized and perpetuated male dominance.

Back 52

Friedrich Engles

Front 53

What are some of the things that family has done to perpetuate male dominance?

Back 53

Denied women opportunities that are offered to men, limited sexual freedom and mate selection.

Front 54

What are the three types of authority patterns in the family?

Back 54

patriarchy, matriarchy, and egalitarian family

Front 55

Argued that because of today's egalitarian family, marriage today is better than ever; fairer and more fulfilling for both men and women.

Back 55

Stephanie Coontz

Front 56

How does the family help to maintain inequality in some respects?

Back 56

The socialization and socioeconomic status the child receives from the family influence nutrition, health care, housing, education, and overall life chances as an adult.

Front 57

In the U.S., we are free to marry anyone we wish to, however, in practice our pool of potential partners is already limited by our social location. These social rules limit our choices for us:

Back 57

-We are limited to those who are available and with whom we have contact.
-We are heavily influenced by opinions of family, friends, and the organizations to which we belong (church).
-We are most attracted to people like ourselves.

Front 58

When sociologists analyze social factors that shape our selection of partners, they pay particular attention to the balance between:

Back 58

endogamy and exogamy.

Front 59

Give some examples of the influence that endogamy plays?

Back 59

We tend to pick partners that are the same age, race, ethnicity, education, and religion.

Front 60

If someone marries another person of the same race, it is an example of:

Back 60

endogamy

Front 61

If someone marries another person of who likes golfing, it is an example of:

Back 61

homogamy

Front 62

Described economic restructuring in which blue-collar jobs were shipped over seas, mostly affecting urban factory workers (minorities), thus affecting these families:

Back 62

William Julius Wilson

Front 63

The men of this culture are described as being more familistic than many others:

Back 63

Mexican American

Front 64

This sociologist identified these four factors that complicate the transition to parenthood in America.

Back 64

Alice Rossi;
1. Little anticipatory socialization for the role of caregiver. (school curriculum gives little attention to important subjects like child care and home maintenance.)
2. Only limited learning takes place during pregnancy itself.
3. The transition to parenthood is abrupt.
4. Our society lacks clear and helpful guidelines for successful parenthood.

Front 65

3 states that by 1995 allowed legal adoption by unmarried couples?

Back 65

New York, Vermont, and Massachusetts.

Front 66

Congress passed the Pregnancy Discrimination Act in:

Back 66

1978

Front 67

Sociologist that recommends expanding the definition of "stepfamilies" to include cohabitating couples with children from previous relationships, gay and lesbian couples with children from heterosexual relationships, etc.

Back 67

Susan Stewart

Front 68

Sociologist that concluded that "the well-being of children in stepfamilies is no better, on average, than the well-being of children in divorced, single-parent households."

Back 68

Andrew Cherlin

Front 69

Study conducted by these researchers that showed that in about a third of divorces, the children actually benefited because it lessened their exposure to conflict.

Back 69

Amato & Booth