Social Psychology Test 3

Front 1

A change in one's behavior due to the real or imagined influence of other people

Back 1

Conformity

Front 2

The influence of other people that leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information to guide our behavior.

Back 2

Informational Social Influence

Front 3

We conform because we believe that others' interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than outs and will help us choose an appropriate course of action.

Back 3

Informational Social Influence

Front 4

Conforming to other people's behavior out of a genuine belief that what they are doing or saying is right.

Back 4

Private Acceptance

Front 5

Conforming to other people's behavior publicly without necessarily believing in what the other people are doing or saying.

Back 5

Public Compliance

Front 6

The rapid spread of emotions or behaviors through a crowd

Back 6

Contagion

Front 7

The occurrence in a group of people of similar physical symptoms with no known physical cause

Back 7

Mass Psychogenic Illness

Front 8

The influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them.

Back 8

Normative Social Influence

Front 9

This type of conformity results in public compliance with the group's beliefs in private acceptance of those beliefs and behaviors.

Back 9

Normative Social Influence

Front 10

The implicit or explicit rules a group has for the acceptable behaviors, values, and beliefs of its members.

Back 10

Social Norms

Front 11

People go along with the group even if they do not believe in what they are doing or think it is wrong.

What does this result from?

Back 11

Public compliance without private acceptance.

Results from normative pressures.

Front 12

Three reason's people conform to the

informational social influence

Back 12

The situation is ambiguous

In a crisis

When others are experts.

Front 13

Reason's people conform to normative social

influence.

Back 13

Strength

Immediacy

Number

Front 14

The idea that conforming to social influence

depends on the group's importance, its

immediacy, and the number of people in the group.

Back 14

Social Impact Theory

Front 15

The tolerance a person earns, over time, by

conforming to group norms; if enough of these credits are earned, the person can, on occasion, behave deviantly without retribution from the group.

Back 15

Idiosyncrasy Credits

Front 16

The case where a minority of group members

influences the behavior or beliefs of the

majority.

Back 16

Minority Influence

Front 17

People's perception of what behaviors are

approved or disapproved of by others.

Back 17

Injunctive Norms

Front 18

People's perceptions of how people actually

behave in given situations, regardless of whether the behavior is approved or disapproved of by others.

Back 18

Descriptive Norms

Front 19

Shared expectations in a group about how

particular people are supposed to behave.

Back 19

Social Roles

Front 20

Qualities of a group that bind member together and promote liking between members.

Back 20

Group Cohesiveness

Front 21

The tendency for people to do better on simple tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be

evaluated.

Back 21

Social Facilitation

Front 22

The tendency for people to relax when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated, such that they do worse on simple tasks but better on complex tasks.

Back 22

Social Loafing

Front 23

The loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people can't be identified (such as when they are in a crowd).

Back 23

Deindividuation

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Front 24

Any aspects of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving.

Back 24

Process Loss

Front 25

The combined memory of two people that is more efficient than the memory of either individual

Back 25

Transactive Memory

Front 26

A kind of thinking in which maintaining group

cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner.

Back 26

Groupthink

Front 27

The tendency for groups to make decision that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of its members.

Back 27

Group Polarization

Front 28

The idea that certain key personality traits make a person a good leader, regardless of the

situation.

Back 28

Great Person Theory

Front 29

Leaders who set clear, short-term goals and

reward people who meet them.

Back 29

Transactional Leaders

Front 30

Leaders who inspire followers to focus on

common, long-term goals.

Back 30

Transformational Leaders

Front 31

The idea that leadership effectiveness depends both on how task-oriented or relationship-

oriented the leader is and on the amount of

control and influence the leader has over the group.

Back 31

Contingency Theory of Leadership

Front 32

A leader who is concerned more with getting the job done than with workers feelings and relationships.

Back 32

Task-Oriented Leader

Front 33

A leader who is concerned more with workers' feelings and relationships.

Back 33

Relationship-Oriented Leader

Front 34

A conflict in which the most beneficial action for an individual will, if chosen by most people, have harmful effects on everyone.

Back 34

Social Dilemma

Front 35

A means of encouraging cooperation by at first acting cooperatively but then always responding the way your opponent did (cooperatively or competitively) on the previous trial.

Back 35

Tit-for-Tat Strategy

Front 36

A form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict in which offers and

counteroffers are made and a solution occurs only when both parties agree.

Back 36

Negotiation

Front 37

A solution to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interests; each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to it but important to the other side.

Back 37

Integrative Solution

Front 38

A hostile of negative attitude toward people in a distinguishable group, based solely on their membership in that group.

Back 38

Prejudice

Front 39

A generalization about a group of people, in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual

variation among the members.

Back 39

Stereotype

Front 40

The tendency to see relationships or

correlations, between events that are actually unrelated.

Back 40

Illusory Correlation

Front 41

Unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group solely because of his or her membership in that group.

Back 41

Discrimination

Front 42

Outwardly acting unprejudiced while inwardly maintaining prejudiced attitudes.

Back 42

Modern Racism

Front 43

The case wherein people have an expectation about what another person is like, which influences how they act toward that person, which causes that person to behave consistently with people's original expectations, making the expectations come true.

Back 43

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Front 44

The apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behavior might confirm a

cultural stereotype.

Back 44

Stereotype Threat

Front 45

Practices that discriminate, legally or illegally, against a minority group by virtue of its ethnicity, gender, culture, age, sexual orientation, or other target of societal or company prejudice.

Back 45

Institutional Discrimination

Front 46

Racist attitudes that are held by the vast majority of people living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm.

Back 46

Institutional Racism

Front 47

Sexist attitudes that are held by the vast majority of people living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm.

Back 47

Institutionalized Sexism

Front 48

The tendency to go along with the group in

order to fulfill the group's expectations and gain acceptance.

Back 48

Normative Conformity

Front 49

The perception that individuals in the out-group are more similar to each other (homogeneous) that they really are, as well as more similar than members of the in-group are.

Back 49

Out-Group homogeneity

Front 50

The tendency to make dispositional attributions about an entire group of people

Back 50

Ultimate Attribution Error

Front 51

The tendency to blame individuals (make

dispositional attributions) for their victimization, typically motivated by a desire to see the world as a fair place.

Back 51

Blaming the Victim

Front 52

The idea that limited resources lead to conflict between groups and result in increased

prejudice and discrimination.

Back 52

Realistic Conflict Theory

Front 53

The tendency for individuals, when frustrated or unhappy, to displace aggression onto groups that are disliked, visible, and relatively

powerless.

Back 53

Scapegoating

Front 54

A classroom setting designed to reduce

prejudice and raise the self-esteem of children by placing them in small, desegregated groups and making each child dependent on the other children in the group to learn the course

material and do well in the class.

Back 54

Jigsaw Classroom

Front 55

The process by which people notice and pay

attention to information in the environment;

because people cannot perceive everything that is happening around them, they acquire only a subset of the information available.

Back 55

Acquisition

Front 56

The process by which people store in memory information they have acquired from the

environment.

Back 56

Storage

Front 57

The process by which people recall information stored in their memories.

Back 57

Retrieval

Front 58

The fact that people are better at recognizing faced of their own race than those of other races

Back 58

Own-Race Bias

Front 59

The process whereby memories of an event

become distorted by information encountered after the event occurred.

Back 59

Reconstructive Memory

Front 60

The process whereby people try to identify the source of their memories

Back 60

Source Monitoring