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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the three-component attitude model? a. This model is associated with Thurstone who proposed a holistic approach. b. The model was particularly popular in the 1960s. c. According to this model attitudes persist across time and situations. d. The model emphasised that attitudes are limited to socially significant events or objects. |
a. This model is associated with Thurstone who proposed a holistic approach. |
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Balance theory is a theory that: a. stresses that people try to maintain consistency between their various cognitions. b. was derived from the work of Fritz Heider c. focuses on the P-O-X unit of a person's cognitive field. d. All of the above |
d. All of the above |
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According to the sociocognitive model, an attitude object: a. is buttressed by a fuzzy knowledge structure b. is represented by an object label and the rules for applying that label. c. a cognitive summary of the object d. is easily recalled because it is intensely stored. |
b. is represented by an object label and the rules for applying that label. |
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To argue that attitudes are underpinned by automatic judgements implies that: a. if we can measure these judgements we will earth 'true' attitudes. b. the context plays no role. c. people they don't really care how they respond. d. people don't really know what their attitudes are. |
a. if we can measure these judgements we will earth 'true' attitudes. |
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An affective component is one part of the three-component attitude model. True or False |
True |
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The main difference between the two-component and three-component models of attitude is that the latter included the component of: a. cognition b. feeling c. a mental readiness to act d. group norms |
c. a mental readiness to act |
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According to information integration theory, we use _______ to acquire knowledge and to construct our attitudes. a. accessible information b. the balance model c. similar others d. cognitive algebra |
d. cognitive algebra
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Mary has a problem. She likes Martha and loves swimming. Martha hates swimming. According to balance theory, Martha is confronted with the dilemma of: a. a balanced triad b. social desirability bias c. performing cognitive algebra d. an unbalanced triad |
d. an unbalanced triad |
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What did a two-year longitudinal study by Davidson and Jacard (1979) on women's attitudes towards birth control reveal? a. it suggested that women's attitudes towards birth control were strongly influenced by their partners' attitudes. b. It showed that the closer the question was to the actual behaviour the more accurately the behaviour was predicted. c. It indicated that women's attitudes towards birth control correlated significantly with their actual use of the contraceptive pill. d. It revealed that women's attitudes regarding birth control changed over the time span. |
b. It showed that the closer the question was to the actual behaviour the more accurately the behaviour was predicted. |
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Which of the following is TRUE about the theory of planned behaviour? a. Compared with TRA, TPB achieves a better prediction from an attitude to a behaviour by incorporating the variable of a person's conscious control. b. Compared with TRA, TPB achieves a better prediction from an attitude to a specific behaviour by phrasing a set of very general questions. c. TPB achieves a good level of prediction from an attitude to a behaviour by incorporating a person's dispositional traits. d. TPB focuses on the ration of reward and punishment as a measure of the link between attitude and behaviour. |
a. Compared with TRA, TPB achieves a better prediction from an attitude to a behaviour by incorporating the variable of a person's conscious control. |
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Madden et al. (1992) compared the theories of reasoned action (TRA) and planned behaviour (TPB). They found an interesting effect. a, The predictive power of TPB was enhanced when intention rather than behaviour was the target variable. b. The predictive power of TPB was enhanced when behaviour rather than intention was the target variable. c. Getting a good good night's sleep can be planned. d. Taking vitamin pills is easy. |
b. The predictive power of TPB was enhanced when behaviour rather than intention was the target variable. |
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Which of the following statements does NOT apply to protection motivation theory? a. This theory was derived from the sociocognitive model of attitude. b. The theory includes components of social-learning theory. c. The theory incorporates the mediating cognitive processes of threat appraisal and coping appraisal. d. People's adaptive intentions and behaviours can be facilitated by the perceived effectiveness of the protective action and their vulnerability to the threat. |
a. This theory was derived from the sociocognitive model of attitude. |
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Research into attitudes declined in the 1960s and 1970s due to which of the following? a. A greater focus on the role of social identity on people's attitudes. b. The theory of planned behaviour had become dominant in attitude research. c. A lack of research interest in the study of attitudes. d. A growing concern with the poor correspondence between measured attitudes and recorded behaviour. |
d. A growing concern with the poor correspondence between measured attitudes and recorded behaviour. |
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Marianne believes she is a binge drinker. Unfortunately, this does not bode well for her chances of avoiding alcohol abuse. True or False |
True |
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Which of the following are the three individual-differences variables that have been studied in the context of increasing the predictability of behaviour from an attitude? a. Mood b. personality c. Automatic activation d. cognitive bias |
a. Mood b. Personality d. cognitive bias |
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In a classic study of the attitude-behaviour relationship, LaPiere (1934) travelled the US visiting hotels, caravan parks and restaurants with a Chinese couple and found that: a. discrimination in face-to-face encounters matched that shown in response to a letter. b. discrimination in face-to-face encounters was much lower than that expressed in response to a letter. c. people were unable to find good quality Chinese cuisine in the US in the 1930s d. discrimination in face-to-face encounters was much higher than that shown in response to a letter. |
b. discrimination in face-to-face encounters was much lower than that expressed in response to a letter. |
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Which of the following IS a feature of an accessible attitude? a. They can only be cued (or primed) in a particular way. b. They can be recalled quite easily but not expressed very quickly. c. They can free up resources for coping with mental stress. d. Because they can be retrieved easily they are very unstable. |
c. They can free up resources for coping with mental stress. |
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Impressed with Bem's self-perception theory Adriana, a student who left home and moved to Madrid and is living on a strict budget, has inferred that her recent liking for a new style of shoe is based on: a. her aspiring to look like a movie star. b. the fact that she has purchased two pairs in the last two months. c. parental influence d. peer group pressure |
b. the fact that she has purchased two pairs in the last two months. |
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The spreading attitude effect is a special case of: a. classical conditioning b. norm formation in groups. c. acquiring an attitude through one's own experience. d. instrumental conditioning |
a. classical conditioning |
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Which is NOT a behavioural measure of an overt attitude? a. Observation of physical traces. b. The implicit association test. c. Obeservations of nonverbal behaviour d. Some archival records |
b. The implicit association test. |
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Which is the odd one out? a. TPB b. IAT c. PMT d. TRA |
IAT |
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According to Fishbein and Ajzen, ______ is a behavioural index derived from averaging or else combining specific behaviours, and it can be used to predict behaviour at a general level. a. a meta-analysis b. base-rate information c. cognitive algebra d. a multiple-act criterion |
d. a multiple-act criterion |
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Why is it quite difficult to measure attitudes? a. Questionnaire measures require great care in their construction. b. Attitudes are not directly observable c. There is controversy about whether unobtrusive measures are any better than self-reports d. All other options are correct. |
d. All other options are correct. |
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In a way that is similar to attitude priming, the ___ is a covert method developed in the late 1990s to measure attitudes. |
Implicit Association Test
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The bogus pipeline technique is: a. an unobtrusive measure of a person's attitude b. a device or bug installed in a room so that people's conversations can be recorded. c. an attitude scale d. a variation of the IAT. |
a. an unobtrusive measure of a person's attitude |
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A Thurstone scale is one the classical, early attitude scales developed in teh 1920s-40s period. True or False |
True |
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Which of the following is, or has been, a direct measure of an attitude? a. Implicit Association Test b. Nonverbal behaviours c. Attitude priming d. Semantic differential |
d. Semantic differential |
