Social Psychology Chapter 4

Front 1

Attitude

Back 1

a favorable or unfavorable evaluation reaction toward something or someone often rooted in one's belief and exhibiting in one's feelings and intended behaviors

Hint 1

Provides a way to size up the world guide how we react or act in a discriminatory manner

Front 2

Moral hypocrisy

Back 2

It just juncture between attitudes and actions

Hint 2

The participants had to assign themselves to one of the tasks and supposed second participant to the other. Only one in 20 believe that is signing the positive test to themselves was the moral thing to do and yet 80% did so. Even if they chose to flip 90% assign themselves to the positive tasks.

When morality and greed were put on a collision course greed won.

Front 3

When do attitudes predict our behavior?

Back 3

When what we say and do are minimal, when the attitude is specific to the behavior, and when the attitude is potent.

Front 4

Implicit association test

Back 4

A computer driven assessment of implicit attitudes. The test uses reaction times to measure people's automatic associations between attitude object and evaluative words. Easier pairings and faster responses are taken to indicate stronger unconscious associations.

Hint 4

Measures implicit racial attitudes.

Helps people measure behaviors and judgments.

Front 5

Area of the brain that produce automatic implicit reactions?

Back 5

Amygdala.

Hint 5

The IAT is not reliable enough for using for use in assessing and comparing individuals.

Front 6

What is the principle of aggregation?

Back 6

Attitudes become more apparent when we look at a person's adjective or average people do them then we consider isolated Acts.

Hint 6

attitudes did predict the behavior in 26 studies they could find in which the measured attitude was directly pertinent to the situation but did not predict behavior.

Front 7

What is the theory of planned behavior?

Back 7

A theory which is about knowing people's intended behaviors and their perceived self-efficacy and control.

four of these experimental tests confirmed that inducing new intentions induces new behavior.

To change habits through persuasion we had best alter people's attitudes towards specific practices

Hint 7

Attitude toward behavior

I'm for physical fitness

Subjective norms

my neighbors seem to be jogging and going to the gyms

Perceived control

I could do this easily.

All of the above lead to behavior intention.

I'm going to start next week

Behavior intention leads to behavior.

1) when we minimize other influences upon our attitude statements and on our behavior

2)when the attitude is specifically relevant to the observed behavior. There is a third condition, an attitude predicts behavior better when the attitude is potent

Front 8

Do our attitudes become more potent when we think about them?

Back 8

Yes

Front 9

Do attitudes affect behavior when they are more accessible more enduring and more likely to guide actions?

Back 9

Yes, attitudes grew from direct experience.

Front 10

Are attitudes good indicators of behavior?

Back 10

No, are expressions of attitudes and our behaviors are subject to many influences.

Hint 10

attitudes predict behavior if these other influences are minimized, if the attitude corresponds very closely to the predicted behavior, and if the attitude is potent because something reminds us of it or because we acquire it by direct experience.

Front 11

In that you've not got mail, prejudicial attitudes predict discriminatory behavior research was discriminatory behavior increased or decreased?

Back 11

Increase

Front 12

Does behavior determine your attitudes?

Back 12

Yes

Front 13

Role

Back 13

A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave.

Hint 13

the deeper lessons Lesson of the role-playing studiesis not that we are powerless machines. Rather it concerns how what is unreal and artificial roll can subtly evolve into what is real. We an active role that shapes our attitudes.

Front 14

Do people adapt what they say to please their listeners?

Back 14

Yes, they are quick to tell people good news than bad and they adjust their message toward their listeners position. people will also begin to believe what they are saying provided they weren't bribed or coerced into doing so. When there is no compelling external explanation for one's words saying becomes believing.

Front 15

Is impression management?

Back 15

In expressing our thoughts to others, we sometimes Taylor are words to what we think the others want to hear.

Front 16

Is the foot-in-the-door phenomenon?

Back 16

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

Hint 16

Researchers asked volunteers if they would put signs inside of their cars saying be a safe driver. Weeks later they asked the same people if they would put the same sign posted in their front yard. 76% consented.

Front 17

When people commit themselves to public behaviors and perceive their acts to be of their own doing do they come to believe more strongly and what they have done?

Back 17

Yes

Front 18

What is the low ball technique?

Back 18

attack tips for getting people to agree to something. People who agree to an initial request will often still comply when the requestor up the ante. People who receive only the costly request are less likely to comply with it.

Hint 18

Call beany and his collaborators when do you invite introductory psychology students to participate in an experiment at 7 a.m. only 24% showed up. but if the students first agreed to participate without knowing the time and only then were asked to participate at 7 a.m. 53% came back.

Front 19

Do evil acts result in gradually escalating commitments?

Back 19

Yes, a trifling evil act can whittle down someone's moral sensitivity making it easier to perform a worse act.

Hint 19

Another way in which evil acts influences attitudes is the paradoxical fact that we tend not only to hurt those we dislike but also to dislike those that we hurt.

This typically leads aggressors to disparage their victims that's helping them justify their cruel behavior.

Our character is reflected in what we do when we think no one is looking.

Front 20

Do morals shape the self?

Back 20

Yes, of children who are given a severe threat in order to prevent them from doing something will generally result in them committing the crime. Those who have been given a mild threat still resisted the temptation to not do what they were told not to do.

Hint 20

Moral action especially when chosen rather than coerced effects of moral thinking.

Front 21

What theories help explain the attitudes follow behavior phenomenon?

Back 21

Self presentation theory:

assumes that for strategic reasons we express attitudes that make us appear consistent

Cognitive dissonance theory:

assumes that to reduce discomfort we justify our actions to ourselves.

Self perception theory

assumes that our actions are self-revealing when uncertain about our feelings or beliefs we look to our behavior much as anyone else would.

Front 22

Cognitive dissonance

Back 22

Tensions that arise when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions. for example, this means may occur when we realize that we have, with little justification, acted contrary to our attitudes or made a decision favoring one alternative despite reasons for favoring another.

Hint 22

When cognitive dissonance occurs we often adjust our thinking.

Pertains to discrepancies between behavior and attitude.

Front 23

Insufficient justification

Back 23

dissonance theory predicts that when our actions are not fully explained by external rewards or coercion we will experience dissonance which we can reduce by believing in what we have done.

Reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one's behavior when external justification is insufficient.