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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Most research focuses on the second step of decision-making, which concerns __________
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d. carefully considering a few top options
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2. MOST people show a tendency __________ when making decisions that require tradeoffs
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a. to give more weight to possible losses than to possible gains
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3. What is temporal discounting?
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b. The tendency for people to place greater weight on the present over the future in decision-making
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4. The so-called "certainty effect" in decision-making refers to tendency for people to give greater weight to __________ than to _________.
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a. definite outcomes, probabilities
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5. Error management theory suggests that, when it comes to dating and mating members of the opposite sex, men should be more prone to __________ than women.
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c. temporal discounting
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6. How do social psychologists refer to the tendency to take whatever course of action does not require you to do anything (also called the default option)?
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a. The omission bias
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7. The term __________ refers to the idea that people are distressed by loss of freedom or loss of options, and that they will seek to reclaim or reassert them.
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b. reactance
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8. In social psychology, people who regard traits and abilities as fixed and stable are known as __________, while people who believe that it is possible to change and improve traits and abilities are known as _________.
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a. entity theorists, incremental theorists
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9. Jonah is in his psychology class and has just gotten his third exam score back. It is an “F” again! He hasn’t passed one single exam this semester. He decides to quit studying for that class at all since it hasn’t seemed to help much. Jonah has
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d. learned helplessness
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10. According to the textbook, do most psychologists today believe that people have free will?
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c. Psychologists are currently divided on the issue.
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11. Self-determination theory states that people have an innate need
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d. to feel at least some degree of autonomy and internal motivation.
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12. Research indicates that people who believe that they are acting autonomously, based on intrinsic motivations, are __________ compared people who believe that their behavior is guided by external forces and extrinsic motivations.
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a. happier and often perform better
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13. The so-called panic button effect refers to the tendency for people
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c. to feel relatively less stress or suffering when they think that they have the option of escaping from a situation (compared to when they think they do not have the option of escaping).
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14. Personal projects, or personal strivings, are also known as
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c. goals.
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15. The so-called Zeigarnik effect refers to the tendency for people
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a. to experience automatic, intrusive thoughts about a goal when pursuit of that goal has been interrupted.
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16. Who is MOST likely to experience goal shielding?
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b. Justin, who is very committed to his goal.
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17. The so-called "planning fallacy" is probably a result of
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d. the fact that people adopt an optimistic mindset when striving toward goals.
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18. Social psychologists use the term __________ to refer to self-control.
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a. self-regulation
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19. People who practice willpower "exercises" find that they
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b. temporarily deplete their willpower resources but develop stronger levels of willpower in the long term.
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20. Dierdre smokes a pack of Marlboro Reds every day. Social psychologists would say that this is a self-defeating behavior
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d. regardless of what Dierdre knows or whether she gets sick.
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21. The acronym TOTE—which stands for "Test, Operate, Test, Exit"—is a shorthand for the processes involved in
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c. making plans about how to execute goals.
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