Social Psychology Ch7

Front 1

Ch.7-3 North American culture stresses the importance of being independent, thinking for yourself, and standing up for yourself. This suggests that North American attitudes toward conformity are
A) generally positive.
B) personality dependent.
C) interdependent.
D) situation-specific.
E) generally negative.

Type: MC Page Ref: 192
Skill: Conceptual

Back 1

E

Front 2

Ch.7-6 Why has so much research in social psychology focused on conformity? Social psychologists
A) believe that conformity is a maladaptive response.
B) find examples of conformity to be quite unusual.
C) have historically advocated greater interdependence in American society.
D) are dedicated to increasing conformity to reduce individualistic biases.
E) want to determine when and why conformity is sometimes foolish, sometimes adaptive.

Type: MC Page Ref: 193
Skill: Conceptual

Back 2

E

Front 3

Ch.7-11 Informational social influence occurs because
A) others can reward or punish us for nonconformity.
B) social norms encourage cooperation.
C) individuals need to maintain self-esteem.
D) individuals have a need to belong and be liked.
E) others' behaviours serve as cues in ambiguous situations.

Type: MC Page Ref: 193-194
Skill: Conceptual

Back 3

E

Front 4

Ch.7-17 An important feature of informational social influence is that it often leads to
A) private acceptance.
B) obedience.
C) decreased self-esteem.
D) public compliance.
E) normative pressures.

Type: MC Page Ref: 194
Skill: Conceptual

Back 4

A

Front 5

Ch.7-23 In the nineteenth century, audience members who knew the opera intimately served as "claques," or experts who signaled others in the audience when to applaud, or as "bisseurs," who signaled when to call for encores. These experts served as a source of _______ for less sophisticated audience members.
A) irritation
B) contagion
C) normative social influence
D) public compliance
E) informational social influence

Type: MC Page Ref: 193-195
Skill: Applied

Back 5

E

Front 6

Ch.7-28 You are on a flight from New York to California. Somewhere over the Rocky Mountains, the plane begins to dip and rise abruptly. The ride is getting more and more bumpy. You're concerned, and wonder if something is seriously wrong with the plane. To whom (or what) are you most likely to turn to clarify this extreme and ambiguous situation?
A) the passenger next to you who seems to be calm
B) the cockpit crew
C) the information pamphlet in front of your seat
D) the passengers in first class
E) the passenger next to you who seems to be afraid

Type: MC Page Ref: 196-197
Skill: Conceptual

Back 6

B

Front 7

Ch.7-32 The decision about whether to conform to informational social influence is an important one because
A) we gain an unjustified belief in a just world when we conform.
B) we risk social punishment if we do not conform.
C) we stand to gain social rewards like approval if we do conform.
D) both our interpretation of reality and our behaviours are affected.
E) we are more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error if we conform.

Type: MC Page Ref: 199
Skill: Conceptual

Back 7

D

Front 8

Ch.7-35 In essence, normative social influence arises from humans' fundamental
A) selfishness, which must be kept in check.
B) need for companionship, affection, and acceptance.
C) tendency to be obedient.
D) need for accurate perceptions and beliefs about a confusing world.
E) desire to submit to knowledgeable authorities.

Type: MC Page Ref: 201
Skill: Conceptual

Back 8

B

Front 9

Ch.7-38 Why might adolescents be more susceptible to normative conformity pressures than adults are?
A) Adolescents will go to more extreme measures to belong.
B) Adolescents do not fully consider the impact of their decisions.
C) Adolescents' cognitive abilities are not fully developed.
D) Adults have more experience and thus do not need as much help in defining the situation.
E) Mindlessness decreases with increasing age.

Type: MC Page Ref: 200-202
Skill: Conceptual

Back 9

A

Front 10

Ch.7-42 According to the results of Janes and Olsen's (2000) study on the effects of rejection on peer conformity, who would be the most likely to comply with a peer group directive to engage in illegal behaviour?
A) Sean, who is the group leader and wants the others to go along with the suggestion.
B) Adam, who has a new girlfriend and is anxious to spend time with her.
C) John, who is hanging out with the group for the first time.
D) William, who is also a member of a separate peer group that does not engage in illegal behaviour.
E) Sam, who just observed another group member being ridiculed by the group leaders.

Type: MC Page Ref: 201
Topic: N
Skill: Applied

Back 10

E

Front 11

Ch.7-44 In a series of experiments, why did Solomon Asch (1951, 1956) ask participants to judge the lengths of lines, which were clearly different from one another? Asch
A) believed that Muzafer Sherif's experiments were fatally flawed.
B) wanted to study conformity in unambiguous situations.
C) believed that people would conform in their judgments.
D) wanted to study conformity in ambiguous situations.
E) wanted to study obedience in a lab setting.

Type: MC Page Ref: 202
Skill: Conceptual

Back 11

B

Front 12

Ch.7-46 Normative social influence is to informational social influence as _______ is to _______.
A) private acceptance....public compliance
B) knowledge.....acceptance
C) public compliance.....private acceptance
D) the foot-in-the-door technique.....the door-in-the-face technique
E) the door-in-the-face technique.....the foot-in-the-door technique

Type: MC Page Ref: 200-204
Skill: Conceptual

Back 12

C

Front 13

Ch.7-48 What is the moral or the take-home message of Solomon Asch's (1951, 1956, 1957) series of experiments in which participants were asked to judge the lengths of lines? People will go to great lengths
A) not to look like fools in front of others.
B) to interpret ambiguous stimuli.
C) to assert their independence.
D) to convince others of their points of view.
E) to please people on whom they depend.

Type: MC Page Ref: 200-204
Skill: Conceptual

Back 13

A

Front 14

Ch.7-54 Imagine that you are on the Olympics Planning Committee. Nine out of ten of the committee members hold the same opinions. However, one member, Laura, consistently deviates from the group's opinion. How is your group most likely to act toward Laura to bring her in line with the group's opinion? The group will
A) immediately punish Laura to force her to change her opinion.
B) first increase communication with Laura. When that doesn't work, the group will ignore and punish Laura.
C) ignore Laura and refuse to communicate with her. If this tactic fails, the group will punish Laura.
D) hold Laura in high regard for voicing her opinion.
E) nominate Laura to be the chair of the committee.

Type: MC Page Ref: 210-211
Skill: Conceptual

Back 14

B

Front 15

Ch.7-57 Women's attempts to achieve the culturally ideal body through excessive dieting is an example of
A) normative social influence.
B) informational social influence.
C) cultural impact theory
D) public acceptance.
E) social impact theory.

Type: MC Page Ref: 212
Skill: Applied

Back 15

A

Front 16

Ch.7-61 Brett Silverstein and colleagues (1986) conducted an archival analysis of photographs of women appearing in Vogue and Ladies Home Journal from 1901 to 1981. These researchers found that standards of female beauty in North America fluctuated over time. These findings reveal the power of _______ to shape physical appearance.
A) popular culture
B) normative social influence
C) the media as a means of social influence
D) adequate food supplies
E) informational social influence

Type: MC Page Ref: 213
Skill: Conceptual

Back 16

B

Front 17

Ch.7-68 Which situation below best exemplifies the tenet of social impact theory that strength is directly related to conformity?
A) When Adam is with his "slacker" friends he doesn't take school seriously; when he's at home alone, he studies for hours on end.
B) When Jason's friends use subtle influence attempts, he conforms; when they use coercive tactics, he resists them.
C) One-on-one, Melissa will talk a blue streak, but when she's in a group she's very quiet.
D) When eating with strangers, Suzie will talk with her mouth full, but not when eating with her friends.
E) When Belinda is with her hard partying friends, she tends to be loud and outgoing, when she is with her parents she tends to be quiet and reserved.

Type: MC Page Ref: 205
Skill: Applied

Back 17

D

Front 18

Ch.7-81 Jane's softball team is planning to steal the other team's mascota baby goat. Jane does not want to participate in such a scheme. Which of the following situations would make it more likely that Jane will refuse to help her team steal the goat?
A) Another member of the team decides not to participate.
B) The group is important to Jane.
C) Jan has many friends on the team.
D) The situation is ambiguous.
E) Jane has built up "favourability credits."

Type: MC Page Ref: 208
Skill: Applied

Back 18

A

Front 19

Ch.7-102 Felicia is initially the only member of the jury who believes that the defendant is innocent. After hearing and debating Felicia's arguments, the jury unanimously declares the defendant not guilty. The jurors' decision will most likely be characterized by
A) contagion.
B) private acceptance.
C) public compliance without private acceptance.
D) public conversion.
E) obedience

Type: MC Page Ref: 215-216
Skill: Conceptual

Back 19

B

Front 20

Ch.7-106 "Hello. I'm asking for donations to the Save the Mollusk Foundation. Would you please donate $400?" This solicitor is using the _______ technique.
A) the foot-in-the-door
B) lowballing
C) the door-in-the-face
D) the high-numbers-first
E) the door-on-the-foot

Type: MC Page Ref: 217
Skill: Applied

Back 20

C