Social Psychology Ch2

Front 1

Ch.2-07 When three observers record children’s behaviour in a park, it is essential to establish
A) internal validity.
B) interjudge reliability.
C) extrinsic reinforcement.
D) demand characteristics.
E) a theory.

Type: MC Page Ref: 32
Skill: Conceptual

Back 1

B

Front 2

Ch.2-12 Professionals like actors, writers, and filmmakers employ observational methods to learn about social situations. What makes their work different from the work of social psychologists?
A) Social psychologists are more likely to be participant observers.
B) These professionals seldom set out to answer a specific question.
C) The situations or events that these professionals observe are not of interest to scientific social psychologists.
D) Social psychologists tend to employ a pre-arranged set of criteria to guide their observations.
E) These professionals are more interested in individual personality differences than a social psychologist would be.

Type: MC Page Ref: 31-32
Skill: Conceptual

Back 2

D

Front 3

Ch.2-14 What makes the observations conducted by social scientists different from the kinds of observations that anyone might make in the course of a day? Social scientists
A) will only sample people from their own culture.
B) make sure to observe a random sample of people.
C) observe and code behaviours according to prearranged criteria.
D) rely on technology (e.g., hidden cameras or tape recorders) to record behaviours.
E) make it a point never to interact with the people they are observing.

Type: MC Page Ref: 31-32
Skill: Conceptual

Back 3

C

Front 4

Ch.2-17 A social psychologist employing the ________ method of research is most like a video camera.
A) experimental
B) participant observation
C) archival analysis
D) observational
E) correlational

Type: MC Page Ref: 31-32
Skill: Conceptual

Back 4

D

Front 5

Ch.2-21 Out of curiosity, you wonder whether some coworkers in your office are more likely than others to use profanity. During the day, each and every time a coworker curses, you write down his or her name, and the words he or she said. Your informal research is most like ________ research conducted by social psychologists.
A) archival
B) survey
C) correlational
D) ethnographic
E) experimental

Type: MC Page Ref: 32
Skill: Applied

Back 5

D

Front 6

Ch.2-24 Like Festinger, Riecken & Schacter's (1956) study of a doomsday cult, Pepler and colleagues’ (1994) research on bullying was conducted using primarily:
A) archival analysis.
B) quasi-experimental methods.
C) systematic observation.
D) participant observation.
E) correlational analysis.

Type: MC Page Ref: 32-33
Skill: Factual

Back 6

D

Front 7

Ch.2-27 Professor Young is interested in the different ways that men and women communicate about their emotional experiences. Observational research may not be a good method to use because
A) researchers' own emotions can color their interpretations of conversations.
B) it is difficult to achieve interjudge reliability when coding conversations.
C) it is impossible to use random assignment.
D) intimate communications about emotions are often conducted in private.
E) people hesitate to talk about their emotions in front of researchers.

Type: MC Page Ref: 31-34
Skill: Conceptual

Back 7

D

Front 8

Ch.2-31 A researcher is interested in how enemies are depicted in times of international conflict. He watches old films and newsreels from the second world war in which enemy soldiers are depicted as crazed, vicious killers who enjoy torturing people. The researcher is using:
A) participant observation.
B) the correlational method.
C) archival analysis.
D) an experimental method.
E) a quasi-experimental method.

Type: MC Page Ref: 34
Skill: Conceptual

Back 8

C

Front 9

Ch.2-38 In order to examine the prevalence of drug use in several different generations of North Americans, a researcher decides to collect the lyrics from the fifty most popular songs from each decade, 1940-2000, and to code those lyrics for how often drug-related themes were present. Which of the following methods is this researcher using?
A) Correlational
B) Archival
C) Observational
D) Cross-sectional
E) Experimental

Type: MC Page Ref: 33-34
Skill: Applied

Back 9

B

Front 10

Ch.2-45 Observational research is to describing a behaviour as correlational research is to
A) determining the causes of behaviour.
B) manipulating a behaviour.
C) explaining a behaviour.
D) documenting relations between behaviours.
E) understanding a behaviour.

Type: MC Page Ref: 36-37
Skill: Conceptual

Back 10

D

Front 11

Ch.2-50 Which of the following is a strong advantage of surveys over other research methods? Surveys
A) can determine whether variables are directly or inversely related.
B) are higher in mundane realism.
C) help to establish the causal connections of phenomena evident in everyday life.
D) allow researchers to determine the relationship between variables that are difficult to observe.
E) are higher in external validity.

Type: MC Page Ref: 36-37
Skill: Conceptual

Back 11

D

Front 12

Ch.2-55 Assume that instead of conducting experiments, Latan and Darley had used a correlational method to study the relation between the number of bystanders who witness an emergency and how quickly a victim receives help. Assume that the correlational data were compatible with results from experiments: the more bystanders, the longer it took bystanders to help. What type of correlation is this?
A) A nonlinear correlation.
B) Zero correlation.
C) A positive correlation.
D) A spurious correlation.
E) A negative correlation.

Type: MC Page Ref: 36
Skill: Applied

Back 12

C

Front 13

Ch.2-65 Social scientists who conduct survey research use a process of random selection in order to:
A) be able to apply the results from their survey sample to the general population.
B) allow them to increase the strength of the relationships found.
C) allow them to increase the psychological realism of their research.
D) allow them to come to causal conclusions on the basis of their survey results.
E) allow them to increase the mundane realism of their research.

Type: MC Page Ref: 37
Skill: Conceptual

Back 13

A

Front 14

Ch.2-69 Consider the following survey item: "Most people agree with the following statement. Do you agree or disagree that parents should be held financially responsible for their children's vandalism?" Most social psychologists would not include such an item on their surveys because
A) such survey questions can bias people's responses.
B) opinion questions on surveys are seldom straightforward.
C) adults without children will give biased responses.
D) this is not a topic social psychologists would be interested in.
E) parents of children do not represent the entire population.

Type: MC Page Ref: 38-39
Skill: Conceptual

Back 14

A

Front 15

Ch.2-75 Which of the following is a serious shortcoming of the correlational approach?
A) There is always some third variable that accounts for the correlation.
B) Causal inferences based on correlational data are risky at best.
C) Surveys are often poorly designed, leading to erroneous conclusions.
D) It is difficult to generalize the results.
E) It is difficult for social psychologists to secure a random sample.

Type: MC Page Ref: 39-40
Skill: Conceptual

Back 15

B

Front 16

Ch.2-80 A researcher concludes that frustrating people by giving them a task that is impossible to complete causes them to behave more aggressively. Only ________ warrants this type of conclusion.
A) an archival analysis
B) experimental research
C) participant observation
D) observational research
E) correlational research

Type: MC Page Ref: 41
Skill: Applied

Back 16

B

Front 17

Ch.2-85 Why didn't Latan and Darley (1968), in their study of bystander intervention in emergencies, use a manipulation more like events in the Kitty Genovese murder?
A) It was impossible to assign participants on the street to experimental conditions.
B) Ethically, it was impossible to expose unwitting participants to such a distressing manipulation.
C) The New York City police refused to give the researchers permission to conduct their experiment.
D) It was impossible to ensure that the murder sounded identical to all participants.
E) It was impossible to have external validity.

Type: MC Page Ref: 41-42
Skill: Conceptual

Back 17

B

Front 18

Ch.2-90 ________ is to independent variable as ________ is to dependent variable.
A) Effect.....manipulation
B) Effect.....cause
C) Manipulation.....cause
D) Cause.....manipulation
E) Cause.....effect

Type: MC Page Ref: 42
Skill: Conceptual

Back 18

E

Front 19

Ch.2-97 Suppose that I conduct an experiment on the effects of flattery on compliance. I bring women into the laboratory, tell them they are beautiful, and ask them to lend me $10. I bring men into the laboratory, I don't flatter them, and I ask them to lend me $10. Sure enough, more women than men lend me $10. My conclusion that flattery increases compliance is suspect because:
A) I failed to randomly select the sample from the population.
B) my experiment lacks external validity.
C) my experiment lacks internal validity.
D) I have not operationally defined my variables.
E) my experiment lacks generalizability.

Type: MC Page Ref: 43-44
Skill: Applied

Back 19

C

Front 20

Ch.2-111 Internal validity is to ________ as external validity is to ________.
A) generalizability.....causality
B) minimizing differences.....generalizability
C) generalizability.....control
D) causality.....minimizing differences
E) causality.....generalizability

Type: MC Page Ref: 43-45
Skill: Conceptual

Back 20

E