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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy correlating directly with human reproduction
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Primary Sex Characteristics
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First state in the female sexual development. Associated with growth spurt and initial menstrul period.
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Menarche
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Term associated with the onset of sperm release in males during puberty.
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Spermarche
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Describes characteristics that correlate with both female and male types.
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Androgyny
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The first phase in sexual response. Starts the cascade of sexual arousal. Men penis becomes erect. Female clitoris arousal.
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Phase 1: Excitement
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Second phase of sexual response.
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Plateau
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Third phase is shorted of the three stages and involves series of rhythmic muscular contractions.
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Phase 3: Orgasm
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Final phase of sexual response. BOdy returns to homeostasis.
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Resolution
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Most common STI
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Chlamydia
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Abnormal sexual tastes
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Paraphilia
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Scientific study of how a persons behavior, thoughts, and feelings influence and are influenced by social groups.
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Social Psychology
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Changing ones own behavior to more closely match the actions of others
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Conformity
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When people change their behavior as a result of another person or group asking or directing them to change
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Compliance
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Lessening of an individuals sense of personal idenity and personal responsibility when in a group
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Deindividuation
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WHen authority exists in a group and behavior is changed as a result.
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Obedience
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Tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain idea, person, object or situation.
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Attitude
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When individuals find themselves doing things or saying things that dont match their idea of themselves which cause a sense of internal disquiet.
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Cognitive dissonance
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Tendancy for people observing someone else's actions to overestimate the influence of that person's internal characteristics on behavior and underestimate the influence of the situation.
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Fundamental attribution error
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When a person holds an unsupported and often negative attitude about members of a particular social group.
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Prejudice
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When attitudes cause members of a particular group to be treated different than others.
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Discrimination
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Circumstances in which all individuals in a situation maintain equal power and advantage.
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Equal status contact
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Milgrims Study
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Shock Study
Obedience |
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Zimbardo's Study
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Prison "Stanford" Study
Agressions How assigned social roles have influence on behavior |
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Refers to the finding that the likelihood of a bystander to help someone in trouble decreases as the number of bystanders increases.
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Bystander Effect
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Socially desirable behviro that benefits others
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Prosocial Behavior
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Unique way in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels throughout life.
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Personality
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Refers to the value judgements made about a persons morals or ethical behavior
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Character
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Enduring characcteristics with which each person is born, such as irritabilty.
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Temperament
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What are the three aspects of Sternerts love triangle
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Intimacy, Passion, Commitment
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Feelings of closeness that one has for another person
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Intimicy
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Physical aspect of love
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Passion
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Involves decisions to make about a relationship.
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Commitment
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Perspective that focuses on the role of unconcious mind. Freud
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Psychodynamic
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Psychological approach that focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior
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Behaviorist perspective
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Perspective that focuses on the role of each person's conscious life.
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Humanistic perspective
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Perspectigve that focuses characterisitfsc of an individual themselves
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Trait perspective
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THe first and most primitive part of the personality present in the infant. Pleasure seeking, amoral part of personality.
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Id
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Rational part of the personality, according to Freud, which seeks to satisfy the demands of ID only in ways that will not lead to negative consequences.
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Ego
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Part of the personality that contains the sonscience. Determines right and wrong.
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Superego
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Ways of dealing with anxiety through unconsciously distorting one's perceptions of reality.
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Psychological defense mechanisms
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Refusal to recognize or acknowledge a threatning situation
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Denial
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Pushing threatning or conflicting events or situation out of conscious memory
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Repression
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Making up acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior
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Rationalization
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Conflicts that are not fully resolved can results in getting stuck to some degree in a stage of development
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Fixation
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First stage of psychosexual development.
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Oral stage
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Second stage of psychosexual development. Toddler. Deals with potty training.
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Anal
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Someone who sees messiness as a statement of personal control.
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Anal Expulsive Personality
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Stingy, Excessive, Clean
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Anal Retentitive Personality
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Third stage of psychosexual development. Awakening of sexual feelings in child.
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Phallic Stage
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Sexual attraction to mother
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Oedipus complex
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Fourth stage of psychosexual development. Children grow and develop intellectuallly but not sexually. Boys play only with boys and vice versa with girls.
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Latency stage
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Theorists who emphasized the importance of both the influences of other peoples behavior and of a persons own expectation on learning
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Social cognitive learning theorists
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Give or take relationship
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Reciprocal determinism
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Persons expectancy of how effective his or her efforts are
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Self Efficacy
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Tendency for people to assume that they either have control or do not have control over events and consequences in their lives.
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Locus of control
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Field of psychology that focuses on the things that make people uniquely human
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Humanistic perspective
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The belief that humans are always striving to fulfill their innate capacitive and capabilities
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Self actualizing tendency
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One's actual perception of characteristics, traits, and abilities
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Real Self
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Perception of of what one should be or wish to be
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Ideal Self
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Consistent enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving
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Trait
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Personality characteristics easily seen by other people
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Surface traits
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More basic traits that underlie the surface traits
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Source Traits
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Represents the core description of human personality-that is the only dimensijon necessary to understand what makes us tick.
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Big Five - Five Factor Model
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What does the acronym OCEAN Stand for in regards to personality. (Big Five)
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Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
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Describes a personal as being willing to try new things and open to new exerpeicness.
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Openness
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Refers to persons organization and motivation
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Conscientiousness
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Personality trait where person is outgoing , friendly and pleasant.
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Ageeableness
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Refers to emotional instability
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Neuroticism
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Tests designed to allow the patient to project unconcsious concerns onto visual stimulus
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Projective tests
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Questionaire that has a standard list of questions and only requires certain specific answers
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Personality inventory
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Utilized to effectively diagnose conditions
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DSM
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Five aspects that assist to define abnormal behavior
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Is the behavior unusual?
Does the behavior go against social norms? Does the behavior cause the individual significant subjective discomfort? Is behavior maladaptive? Is behavior dangerous to individual or others? |
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Disorders in which the most dominant symptoms is excessive or unrealistic anxiety
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Anxiety Disorders
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Term given to anxiety that seems to be unrelated to any realistic and specific known factor
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Free Floating Anxiety
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Irrational persistent fear of something
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Phobia
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Involves a fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation
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Social Anxiety Disorder
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Fear of blood
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Hematophobia
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Fear of heights
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ACrophobia
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Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible
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Agoraphobia
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Sudden onset of extreme panic with associated physical symptoms
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Panic Attack
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Disorder in which intruding thoughts occur again and again and are followed by some repative behavior or mental acts of compulsion
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OCD
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Recurring anxiety symptoms that follow immediately after a traumatic event
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Acute STress Disorder
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Conditions in which disturbances in emotions anre also referred to as affective disorders.
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Mood Disorders
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Type of mood disorder in which the individual experiences ranges from normal to manic only
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Bipolar 1 Disorder
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Mood disorder in which emotions range from normal to depressed
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Bipolar 2 disorder
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Disorders that involved a break, or dissociations in consciousnesss, memory or an individuals idenity.
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Dissociative disorders
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Occurs when an individual suddenly travels from home with no recall of the journey.
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Dissociative fugue
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Disorder in which person seems to experience atleast 2 or more distinct personalities existing in one body
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Dissociative Idenitity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)
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Long lasting psychotic disorder involving a severe break with reality in which the individual is no longer able to distiniguish reality from fantasy.
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Schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia symptoms
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Delusions, hallucinations, catatonia, Repetative or aggitated movements, paranoia, disorganized thoughts and speech
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False beliefes about the world that the persons holds and that tend to remain fixed nad unshakeable even once disproved.
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Delusuions
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Condition in which persons shows little or no emotions, or excessive and innappropriate
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Flat affect
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Move excssive movement, or total lack there of
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Catatonia
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When describing schizophrenia, symptoms appear to reflect an exccess or distortion of normal functions such as hallucinations and delusions
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Positive Symptoms
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2 Categories of schizofrenia smptoms
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Positive/Negative Symptoms
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Symptoms associated with schizophrenia that reflect an a decrease of normal functions such as porr attention or lack there of.
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Negative symptoms
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Psychological model that assumes that persons with the genetic markers for schizophrenia have a physical vulnerability to thre disorder but will not develop the disorder unless the proper trigger is found.
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Stress-Vulnerability Model
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Type of disorder that affects the entire life adjustment of the person that is reflected by excessively rigid, maladaptive pattersn of behavior and ways of relating to others
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Personality Disorders
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Disorder characterized by habitual rule breaking, lies, little to no regard to rules or regulations. No remorse for actions (Sociopath)
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Disorder characterized by the individual having intense and relatively unstable relationships that are marked by extreme swings from idealization and demonization
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Borderline Personality Disorder
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Negative urgency
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Impulsivity
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Condition that involves indidivual with severe physicial symptoms or pain with no viable cause
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Somatoform Disorder
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Treatment methods aimed at making people feel better and functions more effectively.
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Therapy
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Type of therapy involving an indidivual, couple, or small group working directly with a therapist and disccussing concerns or problems.
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Psychotherapy
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Understanding ones own motives and actions
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Insight
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Therapiest aimed mainly at understanding ones actions
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Insight Therapy
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Therapy that is directed more at changing behavior thatn providings insights
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Action Therapy
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Type of therapy that uses drugs, surgical methods, and noninvasisve stimuation technicanes to bring about changes in individuals personality
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Biomedical Therapy
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Type of insight therapy that emphazies revealing unconcsious conflicts. Freud
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Psychoanalysis
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Analysis of the elements within a patien'ts reported dreams.
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Dream interpretation
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Hidden, symbolic meaning of dreams.
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Latent content
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Type of therapy that ceases the stand by position of psychoanalytic pscyhologicsts and takes a more active role with the patient.
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Psychodynamic Therapy
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Type of therapy that focuses less on the subconcius and more on the individual as a person. Requires the individual to be intelligent with an ability to expression his/her thoughts logically and effectively.
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Humanistic therapy
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Type of therapy, based in humanistic approach, that differs by being more direct and hands on. The therapist plays an active role in therapy.
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Gestalt
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ACtions based therapiest aiming to unlearn certain abnormal behavior.
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Behavior therapiest
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Using learned techniques to change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behavior.
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Behavior Modification
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Newer term to describe behavior modification that highlights the need for a function analysis of the behavior to be modified
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Applied behavior analysis
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Therapy in which the therapist guides the client through a series of steps meant to reduce fear nad anxiety
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Systemic Desensitization
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Type of classical conditioning in which the client pairs an unplesant stimulus with a frequent malformed behavior. Ie.e. Rapid smoking technique
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Aversion therapy
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Behavior techniques that introduce the client to situations under careful controlled conditions
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Exposure Therapies
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Rapid and dramatic exposure to the highest level fear on the "fear hierarchy"
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Flooding
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EMDR
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Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
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Learning through the observation and imitation of someone
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MOdeling
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Type of modeling therapy in which model demonostrates desires behavior in step by step process and patient encouraged to mimic said behavior.
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Participant modeling
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Stregthening of a response by following it with pleasurable consequence
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REinforcement
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Type of therapy in which individual can trade reward object in for treats or special privilages.
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Token Economy
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Type of therapy in which patient and therapist draw up a document establishing goals, punishments, determents and treatment goals and plans.
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Contingency Contracting
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How is virtual reality utilized in therapy?
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It is utilized as a means to desensitize patient from certain phobias or abnormal behavior without fear of social consequence.
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Type of therapy that focuses on the distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs that learn to maladaptive behavior.
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Cognitive Therapy
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Jumping to conclusions
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Arbitrary inference
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Therapy that focuses on the presents vs past. Believes that disorders come from illogical irrational cognitions.
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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REBT
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
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Type of therapy in which clients are taught a way to challenge their own irrational beliefs with more rational helpful statements.
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
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Utilizing multi modeled therapy approach
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Ecclectic approach
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The use of drugs to control or reliev the symptoms of a psychological disorder
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Psychophamacology
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What type of disorder does ECT typically still treat today?
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Severe, untreatable, depression
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Therapies involving cutting/removing brain tissue for the purpose of relieving symptoms of mental disorders.
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Psychosurgery
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