Social Psychology

Front 1

Self-concept

Back 1

how we think and feel about who we are. Self esteem is included in this.

Front 2

Ought-self

Back 2

about societal expectations

Front 3

self-schema

Back 3

perceptions about self, influence actions

Front 4

physical self description

Back 4

i am female, blond, etc

Front 5

social self description

Back 5

i am a sister, an american, soccer player, etc

Front 6

psychological self description

Back 6

i am thoughtful, i am tired, etc

Front 7

holistic self description

Back 7

i am human, alive, etc

Front 8

spontaneous self concept

Back 8

can change based on situation

Front 9

relational trait

Back 9

i am a sister, a friend

Front 10

membership trait

Back 10

i am an american, on the soccer team

Front 11

executive function of the self

Back 11

self control, ability to reason, puzzle, self regulate (study because you see yourself as a good student- trying to stay consistent with self concept)

Front 12

the self regulatory resource

Back 12

suggests that our self control is a limited resource. resource pool does not stay dry forever once depleted, it's like a muscle. if you use it enough it gets too tired to be used. after a rest period you can use it again, and it will be stronger.

Front 13

self awareness

Back 13

the act of thinking about yourself. required to have self concept. not developed at birth, fully developed around age two.

Front 14

rouge test

Back 14

put blush or something on the baby's face, put them in front of a mirror. if they touch their face, they're self aware.

Front 15

introspection

Back 15

active process of looking inward and examining your thoughts, feelings and emotions. (self awareness theory) requires self awareness and increases it

Front 16

faults of introspection

Back 16

we don't engage in it often, or at least as much as we think we do. we are often unaware of the reasons for our feelings and behaviors.

Front 17

reasons-generated attitude change model

Back 17

analyzing the reasons for our preferences for things can change our feelings about them

Front 18

reflected appraisals

Back 18

our perception of how other people are viewing and reacting to us

Front 19

self-presentation

Back 19

the attempt to get a specific reaction from someone

Front 20

self-monitoring

Back 20

using reactions to change yourself or your behavior

Front 21

observations of behavior

Back 21

observing how we react to gauge how we feel

Front 22

self-perception theory

Back 22

inferring our attitudes and feelings based on observations of our behavior

Front 23

two facter theory of emotion

Back 23

to some extent, we learn about our emotions by observing our behavior. Two steps, 1 is feel something

Front 24

misattribution of arousal

Back 24

maybe you assume you're afraid, but really you're excited.

Front 25

Social comparison theory

Back 25

we learn about our attitudes and behaviors through comparison with other people.

Front 26

upward social comparison

Back 26

comparing yourself to someone who is better than you, encourages you to improve

Front 27

downward social comparison

Back 27

comparing yourself to someone that is worse, makes you feel better about yourself

Front 28

social identity theory

Back 28

more about group membership. Self esteem is important, part of our identity comes from the groups to which we belong, can boost self esteem by comparing your group to other groups

Front 29

BIRGing

Back 29

basking in reflected glory. emphasizes ties with successful groups.

Front 30

optimal distintiveness theory

Back 30

suggests that our social identity comes not only from needing to identify with groups, but also from a need for uniqueness.

Front 31

cognitive dissonance

Back 31

psychological discomfort that you experience when there is a discrepancy between cognitions and behavior or between cognitions themselves

Front 32

three ways to deal with it

Back 32

1 change the behavior

2 change your view of yourself

3 adding a consonant cognition- "but not that much", "but it's the truth"

Front 33

external justification

Back 33

explanation for counterattitudinal behavior that lies outside the individual (money)

Front 34

insufficient justification

Back 34

the justification isn't enough, but you continue to engage in counterattitudinal behavior

Front 35

internal justification

Back 35

changing one's attitude and beliefs to avoid dissonance

Front 36

forced compliance paradigm

Back 36

we "force" someone to do something and they comply, but they don't really want to do it or it doesn't agree with their beliefs. Offer very little incentive. causes CD. They often engage in internal justification.

Front 37

effort justification

Back 37

tendency to increase our liking for something that we have worked hard to attain

Front 38

hyprocrisy induction

Back 38

the arousal of dissonance by having individuals make statements that run counter to their behaviors and then reminding them of the inconsistency between what they advocated and their behavior. the purpose is to lead individuals to more responsible behavior.

Front 39

attitudes

Back 39

evaluations of people, objects, and ideas

Front 40

cognitively based attitude

Back 40

an attitude based primarily an people's beliefs about the properties of an attitude object

Front 41

affectively based attitude

Back 41

an attitude based more on people's feelings and values than on their beliefs about the nature of an attitude object

Front 42

yale attitude change approach

Back 42

the study of the conditions under which people are most likely to change their attitudes in response to persuasive messages, focusing on the source of the communication, the nature of the communication, and the nature of the audience.

Front 43

elaboration likelihood model

Back 43

a model explaining two ways in which a persuasive communications can cause attitude change: centrally, when people are motivated and have the ability to pay attention the arguements in the communication, and peripherally, when people do not pay attention to the arguments but are instead swayed by the surface characteristics

Front 44

central route persuasion

Back 44

the case in which people elaborate on a persuasive communication, listening carefully to and thinking about the arguments which occurs when people have both the ability and motivation to listen carefully to a communication.

Front 45

peripheral route to persuasion

Back 45

the case in which people to not elaborate on the arguments in a persuasive communication but are instead swayed by peripheral cues.

Front 46

need for cognition

Back 46

a personality variable reflecting the extent to which people engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities.

Front 47

heuristic-systematic model of persuasion

Back 47

an explanation of the two ways in which persuasive communications can cause attitude change: either systematically processing the merits of the arguments or using mental shortcuts

Front 48

attitude innoculation

Back 48

making people immune to attempts to change their attitudes by initially exposing them to small doses of the arguments against their position

Front 49

conformity

Back 49

a change in one's behavior due to the real or imagined influence of other people

Front 50

informational social influence

Back 50

the influence of other people that leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information to quide our behavior; we conform because we believe that others' interpretation of an ambiguous situation is more correct than ours and will help us choose an appropriate course of action

Front 51

private acceptance

Back 51

conforming to other people's behavior out of a genuine belief that what they are doing or saying is right

Front 52

contagion

Back 52

the rapid spread of emotions of behaviors through a crowd

Front 53

mass psychogenic illness

Back 53

the occurrence in a group of people of similar physical symptoms with no known physical cause

Front 54

social norms

Back 54

the implicit or explicit rules a group has for the acceptable behaviors, values, ad beliefs of it's members

Front 55

idiosyncrasy credits

Back 55

the tolerance of a person earns, over time, be conforming to group norms; if enough idiosyncrasy credits are earned, the person can, on occasion, behave deviantly without retribution from the group.

Front 56

minority influence

Back 56

the case where a minority of group members influences the behavior or beliefs of the majority

Front 57

injunctive norms

Back 57

people's perceptions of what behaviors are approved or disapproved of by others

Front 58

descriptive norms

Back 58

people's perceptions of how people actually behave in given situations, regardless of whether the behavior is approved or disapproved of by others.