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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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William McDougall (1908)
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A combination of behaviourists interests in the external environment and gestalt notions of perception.
Topics: moral conduct, biological differences, , primary emotions, principal instincts. |
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Wilhelm Wundt (1879) –
founded in Leipzig |
Used self-observation and introspection to gain an understanding of people's subjective experience.
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The crisis of Social Psy. 1961-1975:
Experimental social psychology |
scientific method to gain valid knowledge about social phenomena, process & events
claims knowledge = ideologically neutral social world = separate from individual people in it 2 directions: Critical/Experimental social psychology |
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The crisis of Social Psy. 1961-1975:
Critical social psychology |
scientific not only and best method in social psy.
all knowledge - also experimental psychology as inherently positioned ideologically social world = produced by people interacting with each other |
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Triplett (1898)
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social influence: 8-17 yrs boys and girls - wind a fishing rod
In group: child would wind faster |
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Kurt Lewin (1947)
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Scientific construct and test theories
Concrete experience --> Observational and reflection --> Forming abstract concepts --> Testing in situations |
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Kurt Lewin (1943)
Subjective/Objective probability |
individual trusting ceiling will not come down
subjective: taken predicting behaviour into account Objective: how individuals perceive their social world |
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The classical period 1946-‐1960
Gordon Allport |
Prejudice and stereotyping
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The classical period 1946-‐1960
Soloman Asch |
Confirmity - Person Perception
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The classical period 1946-‐1960
Leon Festinger |
Cognitive dissonance - Social comparison
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The classical period 1946-‐1960
Fritz Heider |
Attribution theory
Balance Theory |
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The classical period 1946-‐1960
Carl Hovland |
Persuasion and attitude change
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The classical period 1946-‐1960
Adorno, Frenkel-brunswik, Levinson & Sanford |
Authoritiarian personality
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The classical period 1946-‐1960
Muzafer & Carolyn Sherif |
Intergroup relations and conflict
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Social Cognition
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The way individual perceives and processes info
cognitive revolution mostly focus on schemas - cognitive structures representing our information/misinformation about person/object/event Cognitive miser model (1980s): reduce the need for thinking effort through stereotypes |
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Group crucial to social Psychology
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Milgram, Zimbardo, Asch: focus on interaction - between group/within groups
Tajfel (1970) - change of identity from person to social identity Postmes & Spears, 1998 - categorise themselves as members of certain group identity; social identity may relate to deindividuation |
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Social Representations - Moscovici (1973)
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Shared/collective beliefs, typically with cognitive foundations. Attributions/attitudes.
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Billig (2011) - Fictional things
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encounter in social psychology: schema, deindividuation, social categorisation
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Ken Gergen, Rom Harré, Johathan Potter & Margaret Wetherell: "Branching off"
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New theories in social - mainly:
social contructionism postmodernism discourse analysis |
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Berger & Luckmann (1967): Social Contructionism
(Objectification --> internalisation --> externalisation) |
Reality: social interaction and sharing ideas
Rules and norms: human behaviour internalised knowledge of world: from social world and own internal inductivism. Everyday life: structured spatially and temporally Language: most important sign system; human society |
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Gergen 1982: Constructionist work in Social Psy.
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Social pay should be placed in historical context
language: representation, meaning and interpretation Discursive psy: language = window of the mind |
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Harré, 1979: Critical Social Psychology
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put social back into social psy.
Reformulation central ideas in psy. more broadly: Self and identity Values and attitudes Communication and interaction |
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Key aspects of language
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active - constructs meaning, not neutral reflection of reality, draw on culturally available language to create meaning
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Modernism
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Democracy
Liberal individualism Liberal humanism Science |
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Postmodernism
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Knowledge = constructed, not simply discovered
Not now true knowledge Knowledge and power work together |
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Foucalt: Psychology and Power
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Knowledge/power
Micro-politics of power |
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Goals of critical psychology
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make a difference
promote social justice & liberatory ideological & political values explore places, questions, spaces, phenomena that have ignored by mainstream forms of social psychology. |
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Billig (1992): ideology as Common Sense
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Everyday understandings of the British Monarchy shows ‘ideological thinking in practice’
dilemmatic quality to common sense and equality |
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Orford (1992): Community psychology
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explains dynamic relationship between individuals and their settings
we create communities and communities create us McMillan & Chavis, 1986: Psychological sense of community Potter & Wetherell, 1987: necessary to explore how members work together to produce particular versions of community |
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Frosh and Young (2009): Psychosocial Research
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People = irrational; made up of different parts that shift over time; influenced on personal histories
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