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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 components of the self are:
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self knowledge
self esteem self control impression management |
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Self-knowledge
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our beliefs about who we are and the way in which we formulate and organize this information
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self-control
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the way in which people make plans and execute decisions
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self-esteem
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the way we feel about ourselves
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impression management
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the way in which we present ourselves to other people, trying to get them to see us the way we want to be seen
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Independent view of the self
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a way of defining one's self in terms of ones own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings and actions of others.
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Interdependent view of the self
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defining oneself in terms of ones relationships to other peoples and recognizing that ones behavior is often determined b the thoughts, feelings and actions of others.
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Introspection
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looking inward to examine the inside information that you and you alone have about your thoughts, feelings and motives
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Two facts on introspection:
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1. people do not rely on this information as often as you might think
2. when people do introspect, the reasons for feelings and behavior can be hidden from conscious awareness |
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Self-awareness theory
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we evaluate and compare our current behavior to our internal standards and values. we become objective, judgement observers of ourselves, seeing ourselves as an outsider would because we are looking at ourselves from an outside perspective
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Causal theories
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theories about the causes of ones own feelings and behaviors; often we learn such theories from our culture.
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Reasons-generated attitude change
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which is attitude change resulting from thinking about the reasons for your attitudes, this happens because; you bring to mind reasons that don't really reflect how you feel and you talk yourself into believing that this is how they feel
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Self-perception theory
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argues that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which is occurs
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how it works
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1. we infer our inner feelings from behavior only when we are not sure how we feel
2. people judge wether their behavior really reflects how they feel or whether it was the situation that made them act that way |
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Attribution theory
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the way in which people infer someone else's attitudes and feelings by observing that persons behavior
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Intrinsic motivation
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the desire to engage in an activity bc we enjoy it or find it interesting
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Extrinsic motivation
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the desire to engage in an activity bc of external rewards or pressures
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Over justification effect
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the tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by compelling extrinsic reasons making them underestimate the extent to which it was caused by intrinsic value
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Two-factor theory of emotion
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the idea that emotional experience is the result of a 2-step self-perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it.
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Misattribution of arousal
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the process whereby people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do
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Social comparison theory
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the idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people
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social tuning
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the process whereby people adopt another persons attitude
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Thought suppression
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we try to push thoughts out of our head. this is one form of self control that does not work
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self-regulatory resource
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to make sure that we have plenty of energy when tyring its preserve our actions (self-control)
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two ways to use impression management
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1. ingratiation- using flattery
2. self-handicapping ( where people create obstacles and excuses for themselves just in case they fail) |
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2 ways of self-handicapping
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1. behavioral
2. reported |
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Terror management theory
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self-esteem serves as a buffer protecting people from their terrifying thoughts about their own mortality
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