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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prejudice
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a preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members
ex) religion, obesity, age |
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What are sources of prejudice?
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-Authoritarian Personality
-Religion and prejudice -Conformity -Realistic Group Conflict Theory -stereotypes and prejudice are by-products of normal thinking processes |
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Benevolent Sexism
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a seemingly favorable attitude that puts women on a pedestal but sometimes conveys an assumption that women need men's protection
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Ingroup Bias
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the preferential treatment people give to those whom they perceive to be members of their own group
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Just-World Phenomenon
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people's tendency to believe that people get what they deserve
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Describe Rosenthal's research on the "bloomers"
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-gave a group of school children a set of tests
-randomly selected several bloomers -told the teachers falsely that certain children were "bloomers" whose IQs would increase sharply in the near future -at the end of the year, bloomers actually did show larger increases in IQ than other children |
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What are the biological bases of aggression?
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-amygdala
-prefrontal cortex: 14% less active in murderers |
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What role does alcohol play in aggression?
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-disinhibits
-reduces self-awareness/deindividuates -focuses attention on provocation |
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Describe the Bobo Doll Study
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-kids were put in room with adult and bobo doll
-adult man reacts to bobo doll with aggression and starts to beat it -takes child to separate room with just bobo doll later -child reacts to bobo doll imitating adults actions of aggression and repeats them |
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What are environmental influences on aggression?
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-pain
-heat (when weather is hot, violent crimes are more likely) -crowding (lack of control) |
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Prosocial Behavior
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behavior characterized by a concern about the rights, feelings, and welfare of other people
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Do opposites attract in relationships?
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slightly at first but doesn't constitute a long term relationship
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Mere Exposure Effect
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the tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after repeated exposure
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Attractiveness
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-couples most similar in attractiveness were most likely to fall more deeply in love
-we perceive likable people as attractive -the more in love people are, the less attractive they find all others of the opposite sex |
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What are factors that make divorce less likely?
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the greater the similarity between husband and wife, the happier they are and the less likely they are to divorce
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Conflict
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refers to anytime you have opposing or incompatible actions, objectives, or ideas, you have conflict
-can occur between two people, groups, countries, or even within self |
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What are the 4 C's of peacemaking?
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Contact
Cooperation Communication Conciliation |
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Superordinate Goals
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goals that are achieved by the contribution and cooperation of two or more people, with individual goals that are normally in opposition to each other, working together
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Altruism
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helping someone else when there's no benefit to you
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What are helping norms?
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-Reciprocity norm: we should return help to those who have helped us
-Social-Responsibility norm: help people who really need it, even if they can't return the favor |
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Bystander Effect
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as the number of bystanders increases, any given bystander is less likely to:
-notice the incident -interpret the incident as a problem -assume responsibility |
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Adaptation-Level Phenomenon
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the tendency people have to quickly adapt to a new situation, until that situation becomes the norm. Once the new situation is normal, another new experience is needed -- it constantly raises the level for what is new or exciting as each new thing becomes the norm
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Are wealth and happiness correlated?
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-money is not correlated with happiness once basic needs are met
-materialism is negatively correlated with happiness -so...NO |
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What are factors associated with happiness?
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-high self esteem and extraversion
-sense of control over life -optimism -close, supportive relationships -a job or hobby which causes "flow" -acts of generosity -gratitude |
