Soci Ch. 1-3

Front 1

The view that the social researchers should strive for subjectivity as they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values.

Back 1

Antipositivism.

Front 2

A theory that looks at society as a competition for limited resources.

Back 2

Conflict theory.

Front 3

An extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that reality is what humans cognitively construct it to be.

Back 3

Constructivism.

Front 4

A group’s shared practices, values, and beliefs.

Back 4

Culture.

Front 5

A technique sociologists use in which they view society through the metaphor of theatrical performance.

Back 5

Dramaturgical analysis.

Front 6

A stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly.

Back 6

Dynamic equilibrium.

Front 7

Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society.

Back 7

Dysfunctions.

Front 8

The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of an individual and society that shapes that behavior.

Back 8

Figuration.

Front 9

The part a recurrent activity plays in the social life as a whole and the contribution it makes the structure continuity.

Back 9

Function.

Front 10

A theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that make up that society.

Back 10

Functionalism.

Front 11

The organized and generalized attitude of a social group.

Back 11

Generalized others.

Front 12

And attempt to explain large scale relationships and answer fundamental questions such as why societies form and why they change.

Back 12

Grand theories.

Front 13

A testable proposition.

Back 13

Hypothesis.

Front 14

The unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process.

Back 14

Latent functions.

Front 15

A wide scale view of the role of social structures within a society.

Back 15

Macro level.

Front 16

Site consequences of a social process.

Back 16

Manifest functions.

Front 17

The study of specific relationships between individuals or small groups.

Back 17

Micro level theories.

Front 18

Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.

Back 18

Paradigms.

Front 19

The scientific study of social patterns.

Back 19

Positivism.

Front 20

In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data.

Back 20

Qualitative sociology.

Front 21

Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.

Back 21

Quantitative sociology.

Front 22

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 22

Reification.

Front 23

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 23

Reification.

Front 24

Specific individuals that impact a persons life.

Back 24

Significant others.

Front 25

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 25

Reification.

Front 26

Specific individuals that impact a persons life.

Back 26

Significant others.

Front 27

The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.

Back 27

Social facts.

Front 28

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 28

Reification.

Front 29

Specific individuals that impact a persons life.

Back 29

Significant others.

Front 30

The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.

Back 30

Social facts.

Front 31

Patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.

Back 31

Social institutions.

Front 32

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 32

Reification.

Front 33

Specific individuals that impact a persons life.

Back 33

Significant others.

Front 34

The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.

Back 34

Social facts.

Front 35

Patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.

Back 35

Social institutions.

Front 36

The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion.

Back 36

Social solidarity.

Front 37

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 37

Reification.

Front 38

Specific individuals that impact a persons life.

Back 38

Significant others.

Front 39

The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.

Back 39

Social facts.

Front 40

Patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.

Back 40

Social institutions.

Front 41

The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion.

Back 41

Social solidarity.

Front 42

A group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact with one another and who share a common culture.

Back 42

Society

Front 43

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 43

Reification.

Front 44

Specific individuals that impact a persons life.

Back 44

Significant others.

Front 45

The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.

Back 45

Social facts.

Front 46

Patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.

Back 46

Social institutions.

Front 47

The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion.

Back 47

Social solidarity.

Front 48

A group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact with one another and who share a common culture.

Back 48

Society

Front 49

The ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people, as well as the history in general and societal structures in particular.

Back 49

Sociological imagination.

Front 50

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 50

Reification.

Front 51

Specific individuals that impact a persons life.

Back 51

Significant others.

Front 52

The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.

Back 52

Social facts.

Front 53

Patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.

Back 53

Social institutions.

Front 54

The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion.

Back 54

Social solidarity.

Front 55

A group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact with one another and who share a common culture.

Back 55

Society

Front 56

The ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people, as well as the history in general and societal structures in particular.

Back 56

Sociological imagination.

Front 57

The systematic study of society and social interaction.

Back 57

Sociology.

Front 58

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 58

Reification.

Front 59

Specific individuals that impact a persons life.

Back 59

Significant others.

Front 60

The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.

Back 60

Social facts.

Front 61

Patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.

Back 61

Social institutions.

Front 62

The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion.

Back 62

Social solidarity.

Front 63

A group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact with one another and who share a common culture.

Back 63

Society

Front 64

The ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people, as well as the history in general and societal structures in particular.

Back 64

Sociological imagination.

Front 65

The systematic study of society and social interaction.

Back 65

Sociology.

Front 66

A theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication… Language and symbols.

Back 66

Symbolic interactionism.

Front 67

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 67

Reification.

Front 68

Specific individuals that impact a persons life.

Back 68

Significant others.

Front 69

The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.

Back 69

Social facts.

Front 70

Patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.

Back 70

Social institutions.

Front 71

The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion.

Back 71

Social solidarity.

Front 72

A group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact with one another and who share a common culture.

Back 72

Society

Front 73

The ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people, as well as the history in general and societal structures in particular.

Back 73

Sociological imagination.

Front 74

The systematic study of society and social interaction.

Back 74

Sociology.

Front 75

A theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication… Language and symbols.

Back 75

Symbolic interactionism.

Front 76

A proposed explanation about social interactions or society.

Back 76

Theory.

Front 77

An error of treating an abstract concept as though it has real, material existence.

Back 77

Reification.

Front 78

A German word that means to understand in a deep way.

Back 78

Verstehen.

Front 79

Specific individuals that impact a persons life.

Back 79

Significant others.

Front 80

The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.

Back 80

Social facts.

Front 81

Patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.

Back 81

Social institutions.

Front 82

The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion.

Back 82

Social solidarity.

Front 83

A group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact with one another and who share a common culture.

Back 83

Society

Front 84

The ability to understand how your own past relates to that of other people, as well as the history in general and societal structures in particular.

Back 84

Sociological imagination.

Front 85

The systematic study of society and social interaction.

Back 85

Sociology.

Front 86

A theoretical perspective through which scholars examine the relationship of individuals within their society by studying their communication… Language and symbols.

Back 86

Symbolic interactionism.

Front 87

A proposed explanation about social interactions or society.

Back 87

Theory.

Front 88

The in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual.

Back 88

Case study.

Front 89

A variable change by other variables.

Back 89

Dependent variables.

Front 90

The testing of a hypothesis under controlled conditions.

Back 90

Experiment.

Front 91

When study subjects behave in a certain manner due to their awareness of being observed by a researcher.

Back 91

Hawthorne effect.

Front 92

A testable educated guess about predicted outcomes between two or more variables.

Back 92

Hypothesis.

Front 93

Variables that cause change independent variables.

Back 93

Independent variables.

Front 94

A one on one conversation between the researcher and the subject.

Back 94

Interview.

Front 95

When a researcher and immerses herself in a group or social setting in order to make observations from an insider perspective.

Back 95

Participant observation.

Front 96

A design group serving as the subject of a study.

Back 96

Population.

Front 97

A study’s participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population.

Back 97

Random sample.

Front 98

A measure of a study’s consistently that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

Back 98

Reliability.

Front 99

Small, Manageable number of subjects that represent the population.

Back 99

Samples.

Front 100

And established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions.

Back 100

Scientific method.

Front 101

_____ collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire.

Back 101

Surveys.

Front 102

The degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study.

Back 102

Validity.

Front 103

Tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.

Back 103

Beliefs.

Front 104

Groups that reject and oppose society’s widely accepted cultural patterns.

Back 104

Countercultures.

Front 105

Groups that reject and oppose society’s widely accepted cultural patterns.

Back 105

Countercultures.

Front 106

The practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and not in comparison to another culture.

Back 106

Cultural relativism.

Front 107

Patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies.

Back 107

Cultural universals.

Front 108

Shared beliefs, values, and practices.

Back 108

Culture.

Front 109

Shared beliefs, values, and practices.

Back 109

Culture.

Front 110

The gap of time between the introduction of material culture and non material culture’s acceptance of it.

Back 110

Culture lag.

Front 111

An experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life.

Back 111

Culture shock.

Front 112

The spread of material and no material culture from one culture to another.

Back 112

Diffusion.

Front 113

The things and ideas found from what already exists.

Back 113

Discoveries.

Front 114

The practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one’s own culture.

Back 114

Ethnocentrism.

Front 115

Direct, appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture.

Back 115

Folkways.

Front 116

Direct, appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture.

Back 116

Folkways.

Front 117

Established, written rules.

Back 117

Formal norms.

Front 118

The integration of international trade and finance markets.

Back 118

Globalization.

Front 119

The cultural patterns of a society elite.

Back 119

Hi culture.

Front 120

The standards a society would like to embrace and live up to.

Back 120

Ideal culture.

Front 121

Casual behaviors that are generally and widely conform to.

Back 121

Informal norms.

Front 122

New objects or ideas introduced to culture for the first time.

Back 122

Innovations.

Front 123

A combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms.

Back 123

Inventions.

Front 124

A symbolic system of communication.

Back 124

Language

Front 125

The objects or belongings of a group of people.

Back 125

Material culture.

Front 126

The objects or belongings of a group of people.

Back 126

Material culture.

Front 127

The moral views and principles of a group.

Back 127

Mores.

Front 128

The ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of the society.

Back 128

Non-material culture.

Front 129

The visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured.

Back 129

Norms.

Front 130

Main stream, widespread patterns among a societies population.

Back 130

Popular culture.

Front 131

The way society really is based on what actually occurs and exists.

Back 131

Real culture.

Front 132

A way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors.

Back 132

Sanctions.

Front 133

A way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors.

Back 133

Sanctions.

Front 134

The way that people understand the world based on their form of language.

Back 134

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Front 135

A way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors.

Back 135

Sanctions.

Front 136

The way that people understand the world based on their form of language.

Back 136

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Front 137

A way to encourage conformity to cultural norms.

Back 137

Social control.

Front 138

A way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors.

Back 138

Sanctions.

Front 139

The way that people understand the world based on their form of language.

Back 139

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Front 140

A way to encourage conformity to cultural norms.

Back 140

Social control.

Front 141

People who live in a definable community and who share a culture.

Back 141

Society.

Front 142

A way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors.

Back 142

Sanctions.

Front 143

The way that people understand the world based on their form of language.

Back 143

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Front 144

A way to encourage conformity to cultural norms.

Back 144

Social control.

Front 145

People who live in a definable community and who share a culture.

Back 145

Society.

Front 146

Groups that share a specific identification, apart from a societies majority, even as the members exist within a larger society.

Back 146

Subcultures.

Front 147

A way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors.

Back 147

Sanctions.

Front 148

The way that people understand the world based on their form of language.

Back 148

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

Front 149

A way to encourage conformity to cultural norms.

Back 149

Social control.

Front 150

People who live in a definable community and who share a culture.

Back 150

Society.

Front 151

Groups that share a specific identification, apart from a societies majority, even as the members exist within a larger society.

Back 151

Subcultures.

Front 152

Gestures or objects that have meetings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture.

Back 152

Symbols.

Front 153

A culture is standard for discerning what is good and just in society.

Back 153

Values.

Front 154

A culture is standard for discerning what is good and just in society.

Back 154

Values.

Front 155

A belief that another culture is superior to one’s own.

Back 155

Xenocentrism.