Soci 1301 Ch. 6 - Crime And Deviance

Front 1

Deviance

Back 1

Any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs.

Front 2

Behavioral Deviance

Back 2

Based on a persons intentional (drinking or robbing a bank) or inadvertent (losing money gambling or laughing at a funeral) actions.

Front 3

Deviant Belief Systems

Back 3

People may be regarded as deviant if they express radical or unusual beliefs such as cults or far left or right wing politicians.

Front 4

Deviant Conditions or Characteristics

Back 4

People may be regarded as deviant if they are obese or have AIDS or any other condition which has a social stigma attached.

Front 5

Kai T. Erikson

Back 5

Deviance is defined by the audiences not the social actors. This means deviance is relative. It varies from time to time, place to place, and group to group.

Front 6

Transgressions of Folkways

Back 6

Cutting class, keeping a library book past it's due date.

Front 7

Infringements of Mores

Back 7

Falsifying an application, cheating on a test.

Front 8

Violations of Law

Back 8

From traffic tickets to murder, crime is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, or other negative sanctions.

Front 9

Social Control

Back 9

Systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms and discourage deviance.

Front 10

Criminology

Back 10

The systematic study of crime and the criminal justice system.

Front 11

Functionalist Perspectives on Deviance

Back 11

Functionalist perspectives assert that deviance is a product of rapid social change (Emile Durkheim) and is necessary because it serves three important functions.

1. Deviance Clarifies Rules
2. Deviance Unites a Group
3. Deviance Promotes Social Change

Front 12

Juvenile Delinquency

Back 12

a violation of the law or the commission of a status offense by young people

Front 13

Strain Theory

Back 13

Theory by Robert Merton which asserts people feel strain when exposed to cultural goals that are unattainable because of the lack of culturally approved means of attaining said goals.

Front 14

Opportunity Theory

Back 14

People must have illegitimate opportunity structures for deviance to occur. These are circumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire through illegitimate means what they cannot achieve through legitimate channels.

Front 15

Conventional (street) Crime

Back 15

all violent crime, certain property crimes, and certain morals crimes.

Front 16

corporate crime

Back 16

illegal acts committed by corporate employees on behalf of the corporation and with its support.

Front 17

differential association theory

Back 17

the proposition that individuals have a greater tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently associate with persons who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity.

Front 18

labeling theory

Back 18

the proposition that deviants are those people who have been successfully labeled as such by others.

Front 19

organized crime

Back 19

a business operation that supplies illegal goods and services for profit.

Front 20

political crime

Back 20

illegal or unethical acts involving the usurpation of power by government officials, or illegal/unethical acts perpetrated against the government by outsiders seeking to make a political statement, undermine the government, or overthrow it.

Front 21

punishment

Back 21

any action designed to deprive a person of things of value (including liberty) because of some offense the person is thought to have committed.

Front 22

social bond theory

Back 22

the proposition that the probability of deviant behavior increases when a person’s ties to society are weakened or broken.

Front 23

terrorism

Back 23

the calculated unlawful use of physical force or threats of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a government, organization, or individual for the purpose of gaining some political, religious, economic, or social objective.