Soci 205 Chapter 3

Front 1

social environment

Back 1

how much of people's characteristics comes from "nature" (heredity) and how much from "nurture" (the contact with others)

Front 2

feral children

Back 2

children left in the woods

Front 3

isolated children

Back 3

no contact with humans

Front 4

institutionalized childrens

Back 4

orphanages, juvenile centers

Front 5

socialization

Back 5

process by which we learn the ways of society

Front 6

self

Back 6

our image of who we are

Front 7

looking-glass self

Back 7

coined by Cooley
our sense of self develops from interaction with others

Front 8

What are the 3 elements of the looking-glass self?

Back 8

1. We imagine how we appear to those around us (we may think others see us as witty or dull).
2. We interpret others' reactions (we come to conclusions about how others evaluate us. do they like us for being witty?).
3. We develop a self concept (how we interpret others' reactions to us frames our feelings and ideas about ourselves).
*The development of self does not depend on accurate evaluations
**Self concept begins in childhood and carries on throughout the rest of life

Front 9

take the role of the other

Back 9

coined by Mead
child's play; to put themselves in someone else's shoes
*play is a transmission mechanism-allows you to take the role of the other

Front 10

significant others

Back 10

individuals who have significant influence on their lives, such as parents or siblings

Front 11

generalized other

Back 11

the ability to take the role of "the group as a whole." our perception of how people in general think of us

Front 12

What are the stages of taking the role of the other?

Back 12

1. Imitation-children under age 3 can only mimic others. They do not yet have a sense of self separate from others, and can only imitate people's gestures and words
2. Play-from the age of about 3 to 6, children pretend to take the roles of specific people
3. Games-organized play, or team games, begins in the early school years. The significance of the self is that to play these games, the individual must be able to take multiple roles.

Front 13

What are Piaget's stages?

Back 13

1. The sensorimotor stage
2. The preoperational stage
3. The concrete operational stage
4. The formal operational stage

Front 14

sensorimotor stage

Back 14

(from birth to about age 2)
During this stage, understanding is limited to direct contact with the environment-sucking, touching, listening, looking.

Front 15

preoperational stage

Back 15

(from about age 2 to age 7)
During this stage, children develop the ability to use symbols. They do not yet understand common concepts, however, such as size, speed, and causation. Although they can count, they do not really understand what numbers mean. Nor do they yet have the ability to take the role of the other. They could only repeat what they saw from their view.

Front 16

concrete operational stage

Back 16

(from the age of about 7 to 12)
Although reasoning abilities are more developed, they remain concrete. Children can now understand numbers, causation, and speed, and they are able to take the role of the other and to participate in team games. Without concrete examples, however, they are unable to talk about concepts such as truth, honesty, or justice.

Front 17

formal operational stage

Back 17

(after the age of about 12)
Children are now capable of abstract thinking. They can talk about concepts, come to conclusions based on general principles, and use rules to solve abstract problems.

Front 18

What are Paul Ekman's 6 basic emotions?

Back 18

anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise

Front 19

peer group

Back 19

individuals of roughly the same age who are linked by common interests

Front 20

agents of socialization

Back 20

people and groups that influence our orientations to life-our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behavior

Front 21

What are the major agents of socialization?

Back 21

family, neighborhood, religion, day care, school and peer groups, workplace

Front 22

anticipatory socialization

Back 22

learning to play a role before entering it. a sort of rehersal for some future activity

Front 23

resocialization

Back 23

learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match their new situation in life; occurs each time we learn something contrary to our previous experiences

Front 24

total institution

Back 24

coined by Erving Goffman
refers to a place in which people are cut of from the rest of society and where they come under almost total control of the officials who are in charge

Front 25

degradation ceremony

Back 25

when a person enters a total institution-an attempt to remake the self by stripping away the individual's current identity and stamping a new one in its place

Front 26

life stage

Back 26

stages from birth until death
as you pass through each stage, it affects your behavior and orientations.
your life course differs by social location-gender, social class etc.

Front 27

transitional adulthood

Back 27

postindustrial societies are adding a period of extended youth to the life course