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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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macrosociology
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focuses on broad features of society
analyze things such as social class and how groups are related to one another does not speak to symbolic interactionism |
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microsociology
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examines social interaction, what people do when they come together
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social structure
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refers to the typical patterns of a group such as its usual relationships between men and women. it guides our behavior and persists over time
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social class
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based on income, education, and occupational prestige. Large numbers of people who have similar amounts of income and education and who work at jobs that are roughly equivalent in prestige
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status
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refers to a position someone occupies
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status set
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refers to all the statuses or positions that you occupy-your statuses change
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ascribed status
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involuntary, can be inherited such as race, sex, social class of your parents. others are related to the life course, like senior citizen or adolecent
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achieved status
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voluntary; as a result of your efforts you can become a student, friend, spouse
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status symbols
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people who are pleased with their social position often want others to recognize their position. so they use these to signify status
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master status
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cuts across the other statuses you hold. some are ascribed, such as sex
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status inconsistency
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ex: 14 year old college student
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roles
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the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status
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What is the difference between a status and a role?
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you occupy a status, but you play a role.
ex: being a son/daughter is your status, but your expectations of receiving food and shelter from your parents-as well as their expectations that you show respect to them-is part of your role |
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group
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consists of people who regularly interact with one another. they share similar values, norms, and expectations
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society
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people who share a culture and a territory
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hunting and gathering societies
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-small, nomadic, hunt and gather food, no class discrimination
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pastoral societies
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-herding societies, followed their animals to a fresh pasture
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horticulture societies
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-gardening societies are based on the cultivation of plants by the use of hand tools
-developed permanent settlement -planted the seeds of social inequality and wars -division of labor evolved |
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agricultural society
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-many more people were able to engage in activities other than farming-to develop "culture"
-largest amount of social inequality that ever existed -can control who gets food -armed conflict |
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industrial societies
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Industrial Revolution began in GB in 1765, where the steam engine was first used to run machinery
-advent of machines -at first, almost more inequality than agrarian -later reversed b/c ppl became more educated |
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social integration (social cohesion)
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Durkheim: the degree to which members of a society are united by shared values and other social bonds
-feel united by norms, belief, culture |
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mechanical solidarity
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Durkheim: people who perform similar tasks develop a shared consciousness
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division of labor
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as societies get larger, how they divide up work becomes more specialized
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organic solidarity
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Durkheim: division of labor makes people depend on one another, for the work of each person contributes to the whole
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Gemeinschaft
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Tonnies: "intimate community"
-describe village life, the type of society where everyone knows everyone else |
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Gesellschaft
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Tonnies: "impersonal association"
-kinship connections and life-ling friendships crowded out by short-term relationships and individual accomplishments and self-interest |
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ethnomethodology
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way social science studies other cultures
-study of how people use commonsense understandings to make sense of life |
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background assumptions
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your ideas about the way life is and the way things ought to work
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