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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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credential societies
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Collins: employers use diplomas and degrees as sorting devices to determine who is eligible for a job
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What was the purpose of schools in the 1800s?
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produce more educated workers and to "Americanize" immigrants
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manifest functions
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the positive things that people intend their actions to accomplish
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latent functions
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positive consequences that they did not intend
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cultural transmission of values
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a manifest function of education, a process by which schools pass a society's core values from one generation to the next
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social integration
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they help to mold students into a more cohesive unit
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mainstreaming
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schools try to incorporate students with disabilities into regular school activities
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gatekeeping
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determining which people will enter what occupations; a function of education
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credentialing
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using diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for a job
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tracking
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gatekeeping is often accomplished by this; sorting students into different educational programs on the basis of their perceived abilities
-most schools have moved away from this but there still are "ability groups" |
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social placement
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some jobs require few skills and can be performed by people of lesser intelligence, while others require high intelligence and advanced education
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hidden curriculum
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the attitudes and unwritten rules of behavior that schools teach in addition the formal curriculum
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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Merton: false assumption that something is going to happen that then comes true simply because it was predicted
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social promotion
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the practice of passing students from one grade to the next even though they have not mastered the basic materials
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functional illiteracy
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high school graduates having difficulty with reading and writing as a result of social promotion
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sacred
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Durkheim: aspects of life having to do with the supernatural that inspire awe, reverence, deep respect, even fear
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profane
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Durkheim: aspects of life that are not concerned with religion or religious purposes but, instead, are part of every day life
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What elements did Durkheim say religion was defined by?
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beliefs that some things are sacred, practices centering on the things considered sacred, a moral community resulting for a group's beliefs and practices
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church
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Durkheim: any "moral community" centered on beliefs and practices regarding the sacred
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moral community
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a group of people who are united by their religious practices, does not imply morality
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What are 2 dysfunctions of religion?
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religious persecution, war
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rituals
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ceremonies or repetitive practices
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cosmology
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unified picture of the world
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religious experience
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sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming into contact with God
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born again
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describes people who have undergone a life-transforming religious experience
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cult
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a new or different religion whose teachings and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion
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charismatic leader
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cults originate with the appearance of a person who can inspire people b/c he seems to have extraordinary qualities
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charisma
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an outstanding gift or exceptional quality
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evangelism
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active recruitment of new members
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sect
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larger than a cult; its members still feel tension between their views and the prevailing beliefs and values of the broader society, but if a sect grows, that tension fades
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ecclesia
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state religions; the govern,ent and religion work together to try to shape society; no recruitment for new members b/c every citizen is a member
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denominations
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"brand names" within a major religion
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secularization of religion
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shifting the focus from spiritual matters to the affairs of this world
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