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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gender stratification
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males' and females' unequal access to property, prestige, and power
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sex
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the biological characteristics that distinguish males and females
Primary sex characteristics: vagina, penis, and other organs related to reproduction Secondary sex characteristics: physical distinctions between males and females that are not directly connected with reproduction |
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gender
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consists of whatever behaviors and attitudes a group considers proper for its males and females. Consequently, gender varies from one society to another
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patriarchy
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men dominating society
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feminism
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the view that biology is not destiny and that stratification by gender is wrong and should be resisted
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Describe the 3 waves of feminism.
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The first wave: after the right to vote in 1920 was won, the movement basically dissolved
The second wave: As more women took jobs and began to regard them as careers, they began to compare their working conditions with those of men. The goals are broad, ranging from womens' pay to changing policies on violence against women The third wave: It's emerging. Greater focus is on problems of women in Least Industrialized Nations; criticism of values that dominate work and society; removal of impediments to women's experiences of love and sexual pleasure |
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gender tracking
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degrees tend to follow gender, which reinforces the male-female distinctions
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child penalty
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women missing out on work experiences and opportunities while they care for children
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glass ceiling
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the mostly invisible barrier that prevents women from reaching the executive suite
-men, who dominate the executive suite, stereotype women as being less capable of leadership than they are -the glass ceiling is so powerful that women lack mentors-successful executives who take an interest in them and teach them the ropes |
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glass escalator
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men were given higher-level positions, more desirable work assignments, and higher salaries. The motor that drives this is gender: the stereotype that because someone is male he is more capable
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sexual harassment
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unwelcome sexual attention at work or at school, which may affect a person's job or school performance or create a hostile environment
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Why are women underrepresented in US politics?
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-they are underrepresented in law and business careers
-irregular hours kept by those who run for office are incompatible with their role as a mother -not as likely to have a supportive spouse -men prefer to hold on to their positions of power, and are reluctant to incorporate women into centers of decision making or to present them as viable candidates |
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life expectancy
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the number of years people can expect to live
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graying of America
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refers to this increasing portion of older people in the US population
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ageism
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prejudice, discrimination, and hostility directed against people because of their age
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age cohorts
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people who are born at roughly the same time and who pass through the life course together
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disengagement theory
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it would be disruptive if the elderly left their positions only when they died or became incompetent. To avoid this, pensions are offered to entice the elderly to hand over their positions to younger people. Retirement then, is a mutually beneficial arrangement between two parts of society
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activity theory
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assumes that the more activities the elderly people engage in, the more they find life satisfying
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continuity theory
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how people adjust to old age by continuing ties with their past
-it's too broad |
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dependency ratio
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the number of people who collect Social Security compared with the number of workers who contribute to it
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