Soc101 Ch 5-7

Front 1

Idea that we know the world only as we perceive it and that our perception of what is real is determined through social interaction, through the subjective meanings that we attribute to our experiences.

Back 1

Social Construction of Reality

Front 2

The study of how rules and norms (consensus) make social interaction possible. Without the rules and norms that shape social interaction, it would be difficult to make sense of people and their actions.

Back 2

Ethnomethodology

Front 3

Process by which people attempt to control how others view them.

Back 3

Impression Management

Front 4

Theory that social behavior is in large part determined by rewards and punishments.

Back 4

Social Exchange Theory

Front 5

Tendency to over-estimate internal factors (dispositional factors) and under-estimate external factors (situational factors) when explaining the behaviors of others.

Back 5

Fundamental Attribution Error

Front 6

Experiment showing that even simple objective facts cannot withstand the distorting pressure of group influence.

Back 6

Asch Conformity Experiment

Front 7

Experiment showing that social pressure could lead some people to deliver “dangerous” and “severe shocks”.

Back 7

Milgram Obedience Study

Front 8

People join __________ in order to pursue goals that they consider personally worthwhile (service, charitable organizations).

Back 8

Normative Organizations

Front 9

Membership in __________ is mostly involuntary (prisons, mental hospitals).

Back 9

Coercive Organizations

Front 10

Large organizations, either for profit or nonprofit, with specific purposes (corporations).

Back 10

Utilitarian Organizations

Front 11

Large formal organizations characterized by clear divisions of labor, hierarchies, rules, impersonality, and efficiency (machine like).

Back 11

Bureaucracy

Front 12

Characteristics of Bureaucracy

Back 12

Division of Labor, Hierarchy of Authority, and Rules and Regulations

Front 13

Explains deviance as the product of deeply rooted psychological problems, which typically originate from conflicted relationship with one’s parents or other authority figures during childhood.

Back 13

Psychoanalytic Theory

Front 14

Theory that deviance is functional for society, because it contributes to social cohesion.

Back 14

Functionalist Theories of Deviance

Front 15

Study shows that individuals exhibit varying degrees of social integration (i.e., attachment to other individuals in society) and social regulation (i.e., attachment to the norms of society).

Lower social integration leads to higher rates of suicide.

Back 15

Durkheim's Study of Suicide

Front 16

Theory that traces the origins of deviance to the tensions caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means that people have to achieve those goals.

Back 16

Merton's Strain Theory

Front 17

Theory that emphasizes the importance of the socialization process in producing conformity to social norms.

Back 17

Hirschi's Social Control Theory

Front 18

Argument that law is created by dominant classes to protect the interests of dominant classes.

Back 18

Conflict Theory of Deviance

Front 19

Theory that argues that people behave as they do because of the meanings people attribute to situations.

Back 19

Symbolic Interaction Theory of Deviance

Front 20

Theory that interprets deviance, including criminal behavior, as behavior one learns through interaction with others.

Back 20

Differential Association

Front 21

Theory that interprets the responses of others as the most significant factor in understanding how deviant behavior is both created and sustained.

Back 21

Becker's Labeling Theory