Soc 3410- Exam 1

Front 1

Parens patriae

Back 1

The state has a "right" and a duty to care for children who are neglected, delinquent, or in some other way disadvantaged.

Front 2

Status offenses

Back 2

a violation of social norms that is illegal because of age.

Front 3

Due Process before 1967

Back 3

In re Gault, was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that held that juveniles accused of crimes in a delinquency proceeding must be afforded many of the same due process rights as adults

Front 4

Anti-Social Personality

Back 4

(anti social disorder) a long term behavior pattern of manipulation, exploiting, and/or violating the rights of others.

Front 5

Social Bond Theory (Hirschi)

Back 5

the stronger the bond to society, the greater the likelihood of conformity.

A weak social bond renders the individual free to deviate.

Front 6

Social Bond concepts

Back 6

attachment to others

commitment

involvement

belief

Source- family and schools.

Front 7

Anomie-Strain Theory (Durkheim)

Back 7

normlessness or absence of norms.

anomie is a characteristic of societies not individuals, occurs when rules or guidelines break down.

Front 8

Differential Association (Sutherland)

Back 8

Deviant behavior is not inherited but is learned. Crime is learned in interactions with others.

Front 9

Social Learning theory (Akers)

Back 9

Behaviorism- operant behavior is conditioned or shaped by rewards and punishments.

-When behavior is reinforced it occurs again, when a behavior is punished it will not occur again.

Front 10

The Code of the Streets (Anderson)

Back 10

Structure based argument -social isolation necessitates a unique inner city subculture.

The Code= Unwritten Law

"At the heart of the code is respect- loosley defined as being treated right or being granted ones 'props' of the deference one deserves.

Front 11

Labeling Theory

Back 11

Criminals are not born, they are made.

A process of self-fulling prophecy. Labeling "deviant" causes others to react differently.

Front 12

Left Realism

Back 12

critical of left idealism-the tendency for marxists to ignore the reality of pain and suffering caused by offenders to victims

-focus on victiminology "the risk rate of vulnerability.

Front 13

Critical Race Theory

Back 13

racial disparity- a difference between races on some outcome that does not necessarily indicate discrimination.

racial discrimination- difference treatment of individuals based on their race.

Front 14

Post Modern Theory

Back 14

Reality is shaped by the written/spoken word.

Our ideas of knowledge & truth are partial and provisional.

Deconstruction/decoding exposes hidden assumption.

Front 15

Moffit's Developmental Taxonomy

Back 15

Argues for distinct dichotomous developments pathways. One group persists and one group desists. [Life course persistent and adolescent limited offending.]

Front 16

Sampson's and Laub's Age-grades Theory of Informal Social Control

Back 16

challenges the social bond assumption that a failure to bond with parents or school in childhood does not prelude other social bonds.

Front 17

Life Course persistent offenders

Back 17

small group that engages in age-graded, anti-social behavior at every point in their life.

Front 18

Adolescent Limited Offenders

Back 18

larger group of delinquents (nearly 90%) where anti -social behavior is confined to adolescence.

-views this behavior as normative.

Front 19

Social disorganization

Back 19

Examines the role of the structure of community

Front 20

Concentric Zone Theory

Back 20

zone 1-the loop

zone 2-the "zone of transition"

zone 3- the "zone of working mans homes"

zone 4- the "residential zone"

zone 5- the "commuter zone"

*most crime happens in zone 2.