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62 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What dual role dilemma do police face when interacting with youth?
Crime fighter vs. Public servant
What are the many "hats" a police officer wears when interacting with youth?
-Officer of the law
-Counselor
-Prosecutor
-Guardian
What authority do police evoke in order to intervene in a youth's life?
In loco parentis
What strategies are used by police to prevent delinquency?
-Aggressive law enforcement
-Police in schools
-Community policing
-Problem-orientated policing
Which strategy used by police to prevent delinquency is being described:
High visibility; make arrests for minor and serious infractions
Aggressive law enforcement
Which strategy used by police to prevent delinquency is being described:
Collaborate with school staff to create a safer school environment and develop programs
Police in schools
Which strategy used by police to prevent delinquency is being described:
Engage citizens and community-based organizations
Community policing
Which strategy used by police to prevent delinquency is being described:
Focus on problems underlying criminal incidents; often engage community and other juvenile justice agencies
Problem-orientated policing
What problems do police face when interacting with youth?
-Witness of intimidation
-Charges of racial profiling
-Poor relationships with the youth
What investigative technique should police be particularly concerned about and why?
Custodial interrogation; children can be manipulated into admitting guilt to something they didn't do ("false confessions")
What authority does the juvenile court evoke in order to intervene in a youth's life?
Parens patriae (the court acting in the best interest of the child)
What are the differences in the types of courts that handle cases related to youth?
-Juvenile
-Criminal
-Probate Courts
-Family Courts
-Municipal/Justice of the Peace
Which court handles cases related to youth: is a specialized court for children, designed to promote rehabilitation of youth in a framework of procedural due process?
Juvenile Court
Which court handles cases related to youth: is a court of special jurisdiction that handles wills, administration of estates, and guardianship of minors and incompetents?
Probate Court
Which court handles cases related to youth: has broad jurisdiction over a wide range of personal and household problems, including delinquency, paternity, child support and custody issues?
Family Court
Who are the members of the juvenile courtroom workgroup?
-Judge
-Defense Attorney
-Prosecutor
Which member of the juvenile courtroom workgroup's role is being described:
-Rule on pretrial motions, make decisions about continued detention and plea bargaining agreements, handle trials, rule on appropriateness of conduct, settle questions of evidence and procedure, guide questioning of witnesses, assume responsibility for disposition hearings, handle waiver proceedings, and handle appeals
Judge
Which member of the juvenile courtroom workgroup's role is being described:
-Guardian ad litem, Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA), and Public Defender Services for Children (an all-public defender program, an appointed private counsel system, or a combination of public defenders and appointed private attorneys)
Defense Attorney
Which member of the juvenile courtroom workgroup's role is being described:
-District attorneys, County attorneys, State attorneys, and United States attorneys
Prosecutor
What are some things to consider on whether to release or detain a youth?
-Severity of the offense
-Abused & neglected youth (CINS)
-Mentally ill youth
-Youth with substance abuse issues
What factors can influence a judge's decision to detain a youth?
-Runaways
-Harm/threat to others
-Probable cause of committed offense
What alternatives to detention can be used for youth?
-In home monitoring
-Home detention
-Day-center electronic monitoring
-High-intensity community supervision
-Comprehensive Case Management Program
What is the juvenile court process (in it's simplest form) and any additional hearing that may carry weight in deciding a youth adjudication and disposition?
Detention hearing-> first appearance-> (competency hearing/transfer hearing)-> adjudication hearing-> disposition hearing
Who can file a petition against a juvenile?
-Police
-Family member
-Social service agency
Which Supreme court case impacted the types of dispositions that a youth can receive: execution forbidden for anyone who was under the age of 18 when the crime was committed?
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
Which Supreme court case impacted the types of dispositions that a youth can receive: sentencing life without parole considered cruel and unusual for crimes committed before age 18?
Graham v. Florida (2010)
Which Supreme court case impacted the types of dispositions that a youth can receive: sentencing life without parole considered cruel and unusual for juvenile homicide offenders?
Miller v. Alabama (2012)
What is a tool used to assess a youths risk and needs level by relevant issue (e.g. violence, recidivism, substance abuse)?
Assessment
What is a pre-test to establish whether or not further assessment is required (e.g. mental health)?
Screening Instrument
When should we begin to assess or screen for a youth's risks?
At the prevention and intervention stage (before the referral)
What is being described:
Risk Principle: target higher risk offenders; Needs Principle: treat criminogenic needs associated with criminal behavior; Responsivity Principle: addresses barriers to treatment including lack of motivation and tailor treatments to meet the needs of specific youth; Fidelity Principle: ensure implementation quality and treatment fidelity
Risks, Needs, and Responsivity Model (RNR)
Why is the RNR model important?
Because it addresses supervision and treatment
What measures the number of years being served?
Output measures
What measures G.E.D, literacy rates, life skills/social skills?
Outcome measures
What measures literacy rates, but mainly recidivism rates?
Efficiency measures
How is probation used?
-As a disposition in lieu of institutionalization
-As a status of an adjudicated offender
-As a subsystem of the juvenile justice system
-As the activities, functions, and services that characterizes the subsystem's transactions
What stage is when the person has not yet been formally adjudicated for the incident/offense that led to their assignment and who were placed in community correction while awaiting action by the court?
Pre-adjudication
What stage is when the person has gone to court and been declared or found guilty of an offense?
Post-adjudication
What is the placement of an offender under supervision for a specified length of time, as ordered by a court, with court-imposed rules and conditions?
Community supervision
What requires almost daily supervision and restriction to one's home while not working or otherwise engaged in scheduled programs/activities approved by the supervising field officer?
Intensive community supervision
What are the most common conditions of probation?
-Attend school, Attend treatment, Remain drug free, Remain offense free, Attend meetings, Attend work, Abide by curfew stipulations, Be available for site visits, Complete restitution requirements, and Pay fines
What factors should be considered when considering probation as a disposition?
-Severity/Type of offense
-Referral and Court history
-Victim impact
-Personal history
-Education
-Family life
-Available resources
What are programs that provide youth with needed supervision and services outside of locked facilities. These programs are designed to protect public safety while avoiding the harmful outcomes of youth often associated with detention and incarceration?
Community based alternative
At what point is a community based alternative used?
-Prevention & Intervention
-Referral (or Diversion)
-Probation
What are the different levels of prevention?
-Primary prevention (macro)
-Secondary prevention (micro)
-Tertiary prevention (mezzo)
Which level of prevention is in the physical and social environment, modifying conditions in the community?
Primary prevention (macro)
Which level of prevention looks at the individual, prevention and intervention "in their circumstances"?
Secondary prevention (micro)
Which level of prevention focuses on the prevention of recidivism, looking at the individual and the community?
Tertiary prevention (mezzo)
What factors should be considered when choosing to use a community based alternative?
-Is it effective?
-What is the target audience?
-At what point is the alternative going to be considered?
-What type of provider will be administering the alternative?
-How much does it cost?
Which types of short-term facilities can a youth be held in?
-Hold-over facilities
-Detention centers
-County jails
Which types of long-term facilities can a youth be held in?
-Non-secure placement
-Secure placement
-Secure commitment
-County/state jails
-Prison
What are some systematic elements of concern for juvenile institutions?
-Classification
-Programming/Treatment
-Discipline/Security
-Healthcare
-Mental Healthcare
-Education
-Quality of Staff
What type of juvenile institution is open for scrutiny, administered by state agencies: child and youth services, health and social services, corrections, or child welfare. Some fall under a centralized system of covering adults as well as juveniles?
Public juvenile institutions
What type of juvenile institution is maintained and operated by private agencies funded or chartered by state authorities (memorandum of understanding), most are relatively small facilities holding less than 30 youths, and many have a specific mission or focus?
Private juvenile institutions
What rights are youth afforded while institutionalized?
Right to equal treatment, free speech and expression, religious freedom, personal possessions, receive visitors, access to mail and telephone, earnings and monetary gifts, protection form physical and psychological harm, medical and dental care, access to attorneys, right to be informed, accuracy and fairness, confidentiality of reports, and right to file grievances and appeal decisions
How does a youth end up in the adult criminal justice system if the child is 14 years old?
If the child is at least 14 and has committed capital felony, aggravated controlled substance felony, or felony of the first degree
How does a youth end up in the adult criminal justice system if the child is 15 years old?
If the child is 15 years old and has committed any felony included state jail felonies
What are the two ways a youth can end up in the criminal justice system?
-Certifications
-Determinate sentences (transfers)
What is the youngest age a youth can be sent to the adult criminal justice system?
14 years old
What factors should be considered when deciding whether or not to send a youth to the adult system?
-Severity of the offense
-Prior criminal history
-Disproportionate usage
-Susceptibility to rehabilitation
-Exhaustion of all other alternatives
What conditions of confinement should we concern ourselves when housing youth in adult facilities?
-Sight and Sound Violations (when adults see kids)
-Limited access to education & programming
-Creates strenuous burden on facilities & staff
-The use of solitary confinement
What risk do youths face when housed in adult facilities?
-Increased risk of sexual victimization
-More likely to violently recidivate
-Neurologically develop anti-social behavior