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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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church |
according to Durkheim, a term used to refer to a "moral community" centered on beliefs and practices regarding the sacred |
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credential society |
the use of diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs, even though the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work |
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cult |
a new or different religion whose teachings and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion |
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cultural transmission of values |
the process of transmitting values from one group to another; often refers to how cultural traits are transmitted across generations and, in education, the ways in which schools transmit a group's culture, especially its core values |
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denomination |
a "brand name" within a major religion, e.g. Methodist or Baptist |
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functional illiteracy |
high school graduates who never mastered even things they should have learned in grade school |
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gatekeeping |
the process by which education opens and closes doors of opportunity |
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grade inflation |
higher grades given for the same work; a general rise in students grades without a corresponding increase in learning |
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hidden curriculum |
the attitudes and the unwritten rules of behavior that schools teach in addition to the formal curriculum |
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mainstreaming |
helping people to become part of the mainstream of society; also called inclusion |
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latent functions |
unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions |
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manifest functions |
the intended beneficial consequences of people's actions |
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profane |
Durkheim's term for common elements of everyday life |
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Protestant ethic |
Weber's term to describe a self-denying, highly moral life accompanied by hard work and frugality |
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religion |
according to Durkheim, beliefs and practices that separate the profane from the sacred and unite its adherents into a moral community |
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religious experience |
a sudden awareness of the supernatural or a feeling of coming in contact with god |
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rituals |
ceremonies or repetitive practices; also symbols that help to unite people into a moral community |
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sacred |
Durkheim's term for aspects of life having to do with the supernatural that inspire awe, reverence, deep respect; even fear |
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sect |
a group larger than a cult, but whose members still feel tension between their views and the prevailing beliefs and values of the broader society |
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self-fulfilling prophecy |
Robert Merton's term for an originally false assertion that becomes true simply because it was predicted |
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social promotion |
passing students to the next level even though they have not mastered basic materials |
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spirit of capitalism |
Weber's term for the desire to accumulate capital (not to spend it, but as an end in itself) and to constantly reinvest it |
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tracking |
in education, the sorting of students into different educational programs on the basis of perceived abilities |
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Emile Durkheim |
investigated world religions and identified elements that are common to all religions, such as separation of sacred from profane, beliefs about what is sacred, practices surrounding the sacred, and a moral community |
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George Farkas |
investigated how teacher expectations affect student grades found that students signal teachers that they are good students by being eager, cooperative, and hard-working |
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Karl Marx |
critical of religion, calling it the "opiate of the masses" |
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Robert Merton |
coined the term "self-fulfilling prophecy:" a false assumption of something that is going to happen, but then becomes true simply because it was predicted |
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Max Weber |
studied the link between Protestantism and the rise of capitalism and found that the ethic associated with the protestant denominations was compatible with the early needs of capitalism |
