Soc 100

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The systematic study of social behavior of individuals, the operations of social groups, organizations, cultures and societies and the influence of social groups, organizations, cultures and societies on individuals

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sociology

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biography, history, private troubles, public issues, social catagories, enviornment

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sociological imagination

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microcosim, adolescence is a crucial period, power structures formed that will later influence society

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high school

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the idea that an integrated system in which each element or pattern of behavior contributes to the social system, interdependance and functions and disfunctions

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structural functionalism

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struggle over scarce recourses, coercion, authority, persuasion problems and between classes, parties, status groups, etc (competition)

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conflict

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process of give and take in whcih individuals come to form definitions of the situations in which they find themselves - like wearing polo, situations defined as real are real in their consequencecs, looking glass self - perceptions based on what other people think of you

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symbolic interactionist

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collection of individual actors persuing self interest, yielding social structures through establishment of regulatory and distruibutional institutions and norms of action, seeking greatst gain

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exchange theory

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a web of relationships through which resources are exchanged, emergent social structures and norms - cliques and clusters, symbols, materials, emotions

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Network Exchange

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subject to verification by observation or experiment

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emperical

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new and unfamiliar occurances ex. war, economics, political conflict, family structure, college

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anomic

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when you know exactly what will happen to you so you kill yourself - ex. someone in prison or slavery

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fatalistic

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willing to die for good of whole societies ex. police officers

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alltruistic

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usually people who are alone - elderly and single people who kill themselves

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egoistic

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people who are most likely to commit egoistic suicide (besides elderly)

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protestant single males

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when one does not perform a test in order to avoid harmful things to participants of social research - ex. phsyical harm, psychological harm, reputational harm

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ethnical concerns

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unbaised but rarely is ever true

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attitudinal objectivity

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do we measure what we wanted to measure

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validity

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would another observer "see" what we see

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reliability

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to see how the social world works

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basic research

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to seek to change the social world

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applied research

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focused on relationships between variables, on counting and numbers

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quantitative

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focused on similarities and differences between and among cases

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comparitive

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focused on how all instances of some phenomenon have common features, story teling

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qualitative

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when someone being observed is aware that they are being obvserved ex. Milner

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overt

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when someone is being observed but is unaware of that fact ex. never been kissed

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covert

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using data that has already been connected and analyses it for teh researcher

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secondary analysis

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what was actually meant - qualitative

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latent

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what was said - quantitative

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manifest

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made up of CULTURE and SOCIAL STRUCTURE a relatively eslf contained and organized group of people interacting under some common political authority within a geographic area

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society

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shared knowledge, beliefs, values, and rules about behavior that exist within a society

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culture

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ideas, time, beauty, (macro-subjective) cultural beliefs, cultural values, cultural norms

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non material culture

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physical things (macro-objective)

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material culture

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things that happen when you break or follow the norms - reward or punishment (formal by people of authority and informal by people on the same level or lower than you)

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sanctions

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groups holding some values, beliefs and ideas in addition to or in contrast to that of the wider society

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subcultures

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a form of subculture, sets of ideas and beliefs which stand in almost total opposition to the dominant society

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countercultures

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believing your culture is superior to all others - inferior if you dont believe what they do

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ethnolentrism

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making an effort to understand other culturs and evaluating it as folks and beliefs

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culture relativism

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the world we "see" is influenced by the words that we have to describe it - ex. eskimos and thier 9 words for snow and women getting offended by being called girly

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Sapier - Whorf Hypothesis

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World Systems, Societies, Institutations, Organizations

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Macro

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Groups (primary and secondary), Tyrad, Dyad, Individual Status

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Micro

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a recognized position within a group or society

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status

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a born status - ex. family, wealth, gender

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ascribed

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something you have done to get - ex. athlete, criminal, college student

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achieved

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the rights and responsibilities associated with a status - expectations attached to a status

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role

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when one ore more of the sets of expectations occupy conflict - ex. a smart athlete

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role conflict

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when the expectations of a particular status conflict - the student role - to be "academic" but also to "have the time of your life"

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role strain