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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Spain |
- Writing method - influencers: Bonet, Ponce de Leon, Wallis, Braidwood - used fingerspelling; students learned writing, leading to speaking individual letter words |
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France |
- Manualism - influencer: Abbé Charles-Michael de l’Pée - Sign language only; no speech |
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Germany |
- Oralism - influencer: Samuel Heinicke - Speech solely |
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Combined method |
- Deschamps’ system - influencer: Claude Francois Deschamps (Abbé Deschamps) - utilized systematized signs, writing, lip reading, and fingerspelling (included oral/written/miming/gestures) |
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How did European influence contribute to the rise of oralism? |
- French Revolution & Napoleon - Nationalism & Rise of Germany |
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What big event occurred in Milan in 1880? |
- The German method, pure oralism spread, changed education for deaf people |
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How was the Milan congress of 1880 organized? |
- Location: Milan, Italy - 225 attendees showed, mostly from Italy & France, 5 from the U.S |
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Who organized the Milan congress? |
- Joseph Marius Magnat started the congress in Paris 1878, Milan congress came to be because of him |
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What was special about James Denison & Claudius Forestier? |
- Disagreed on oralism - Both were Deaf |
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What was the main outcome of the voting? |
6/164 voted in favor of sign language; meaning oralism became the main approach in Deaf education |
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Alexander Graham Bell (AGB) |
- Ardent oralist: taught Deaf how to speak - Mother was hard of hearing and wife was deaf - invented the telephone - Eugenicist: understood genes/DNA |
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How was AGB connected to the oralist movement? |
He invested his money & prestige on the movement |
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Oralist movement beliefs |
- education by speech & speech reading was better in. Deaf education while signing was seen as insidious - By 1920, 80% of schools removed sign language |
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What was the outcome of the oralist movement? |
- Many Deaf instructors fired, hearing took their place - more day schools opened, Deaf domestically housed - limited Deaf-Centered acculturation - rival organization: (1850) Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf (CAID) |
