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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ichthyosis vulgaris
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inc thickness of stratum corneum; absent granular layer
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Solar lentigo
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"liver spot" in elderly; increased melanocytes
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Senile purpura
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trauma to fragile vessels on dorsum of hands; normal finding in elderly
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Acute eczema
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weeping rash with vesicles
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Chronic eczema
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dry, thickened, pruritic skin
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Atopic dermatitis
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dry skin, eczema (type I reaction); children- face, intertriginous areas
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Allergic contact dermatitis
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type IV hypersensitivity; poison ivy, nickel rash
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Contact photodermatitis
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tetracycline; rash in sun exposed areas
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Superficial dermatophytoses
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KOH preparation shows fungi located in stratum corneum
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Tinea capitis
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Trichophyton tonsurans MCC (negative Wood's lamp)
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Tines capitis child with dog
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Microsporum canis (positive Wood's lamp)
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Tinea versicolor
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hypopigmentation; Malassezia furfur; "spaghetti" (hyphae)/"meatball" KOH
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Seborrheic dermatitis
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dandruff; Malassezia furfur
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Molluscum contagiosum
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poxvirus; bowel-shaped with central depression filled with keratin
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Rubeola
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Koplik's spots; Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells
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Rubella
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teratogenic; rash; postauricular adenopathy; arthritis in adults
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Parvovirus
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"slapped face"; RBC aplasia, aplastic anemia (HbSS), spontaneous abortions, arthritis
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Roseola
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HSV-6; high fever and then rash
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Toxic shock syndrome
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toxin-producing S. aureus; tampon wearing; hypotension, desquamating rash
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Scarlet fever
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group A streptococcus with erythrogenic toxin; strawberry tongue
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Actinic (solar) keratosis
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precursor for squamous cell carcinoma; recur when scrapped off
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Psoriasis
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elevated salmon-colored plaques covered by silver-colored scales; nail pitting
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Pityriasis rosea
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herald patch followed by rash in lines of cleavage
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Varicella
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chickenpox; rash at different stages; Reye syndrome association
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Herpes zoster
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vesicular rash following a sensory dermatome
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HSV and Varicella-zoster virus
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remain latent in sensory ganglia
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Impetigo
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group A streptococcus; honey crusted lesions on face
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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autoimmune disease; IgG antibodies against intercellular attachment sites
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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intraepidermal bullae; acantholytic cells; row of tombstones
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Bullous pemphigoid
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autoimmune disease; IgG antibodies against basement membrane
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Bullous pemphigoid
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subepidermal bullae
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Pemphigus vulgaris/bullous pemphigoid
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type II hypersensitivity
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Dermatitis herpetiformis
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autoimmune disease; IgA ICs; subepidermal bullae with neutrophils
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Dermatitis herpetiformis
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association with celiac disease
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Erythema multiforme
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vesicles and bullae; bullseye appearance
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Risk factors for Erythema multiforme
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drugs, M. pneumoniae infection
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Stevens Johnson syndrome
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erythema multiforme involving mouth
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Acne vulgaris
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androgen dependent (receptor on sebaceous glands)
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Acne vulgaris
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Propionibacterium acnes lipases produce fatty acids causing inflammation
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Acne rosacea
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pustular, erythematous lesion on face resembling malar rash
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Urticaria
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type I and III reactions; type I due to mast cell release of histamine (drugs, fire ant bites)
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Angioedema
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subcutaneous swelling
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causes of angioedema
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ACE inhibitor (bradykinin); Cl esterase inhibitor deficiency (C2 and C4 decreased)
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Sporotrichosis
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traumatic implantation Sporothrix fungus into subcutaneous tissue
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Causes of Sporotrichosis
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rose gardener, lobster fisherman (sphagnum moss)
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S/S of Sporotrichosis
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chain of subcutaneous nodules
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Tuberculoid leprosy
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intact cellular immunity (positive lepromin skin test); granulomas; no organisms
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S/S of Tuberculoid leprosy
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autoamputation of digits; skin depigmentation and anesthesia
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Lepromatous leprosy
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defective cellular immunity (negative lepromin skin test); no granulomas
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S/S of Lepromatous leprosy
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leonine face, erythema nodosum during treatment
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Histology of Lepromatous leprosy
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Grenz zone (zone free organisms) foamy macrophages with organisms
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Rx for Lepromatous leprosy
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dapsone
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Erythema nodosum
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painful nodule on shins; subcutaneous fat inflammation
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Associations with Erythema nodosum
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coccidioidomycosis, TB, leprosy
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Keratoacanthoma
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benign neoplasm; mimics squamous cancer; spontaneously resolves
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UVB light cancers
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basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma
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Vitiligo
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autoimmune destruction melanocytes producing skin depigmentation
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Seborrheic keratosis
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pigmented, wart-like lesion; "stuck on" appearance
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Leser-Trelat sign
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multiple outcroppings seborrheic keratosis; consider stomach cancer
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Acanthosis nigricans
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verrucoid pigmented lesion usually in axilla; associated with gastric cancer
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Chloasma
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pregnancy mask due to increased melanocytes
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Nevocellular nevus
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benign pigmented tumor modified melanocytes
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Histology of Nevocellular nevus
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nevus cells proliferate along basal cell area, dermis, or both places
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Dysplastic nevus
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precursor for malignant melanoma
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Malignant melanoma
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malignant tumor of melanocytes; most rapidly increasing cancer worldwide
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ABCD for melanoma
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A, asymmetry; B, irregular border; C, color change; D, increased diameter
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Risk factors for melanoma
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severe sunburn at early age (MC), dysplastic nevi
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Radial growth phase
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spreads laterally in epidermis/superficial dermis but does not result in metastasis
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Vertical growth
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malignant cells penetrate into dermis; potential for metastasis
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Lentigo malignant melanoma
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face of elderly
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Superficial spreading melanoma
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lower extremities, back
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Nodular melanoma
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aggressive tumor with no radial growth phase
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Acral lentiginous melanoma
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palms, soles, under nails; may occur in blacks
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Prognosis in melanoma
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depends most on depth of invasion
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Prevention of melanoma
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sunscreen > 15
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Porphyria cutanea tarda
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photosensitive bullous disease; deficiency uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
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S/S of Porphyria cutanea tarda
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hypertrichosis, fragile skin, port wine colored urine (uroporphyrins)
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Black widow (Latrodectus) envenomation
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neurotoxin; abdominal muscle cramps
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Brown recluse (Loxosceles) envenomation
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necrotoxin; skin ulcer
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