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69 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Alopecia
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- baldness or hair loss
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Annular
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- circular shape of skin lesions
- begins in center and spread to periphery |
EX:
- tinea corporis or ringworm |
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Bulla
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- elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1 cm diameter
- usually single (unilocular) - superficial in epidermis - thin walled, ruptures easily |
EX:
- friction blister - burns - contact dermatitis |
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Confluent
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- skin lesions that run together
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EX:
- hives |
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Crust
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- thick, dried-out exudate left on skin when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up
- color can be red-brown, honey or yellow depending on fluid's ingredients |
EX:
- impetigo - weeping eczematous dermatitis - scab after abrasion |
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Cyanosis
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- dusky blue color to skin or mucous membrane due to increased amount of unoxygenated hemoglobin
- arterial desaturation |
EX:
- chronic heart disease - chronic lung disease - exposure to cold - anxiety |
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Erosion
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- scooped out, shallow depression in skin
- superficial, epidermis lost -moist but no bleeding - heals with no scar |
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Erythema
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- intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries
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EX:
- fever - inflammation - carbon monoxide poisoning |
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Excoriation
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- self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching
- superficial, sometimes crusted |
EX:
- insect bites - scabies - dermatitis - varicella |
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Fissure
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- linear crack with abrupt edges in skin extending into dermis
- dry or moist |
EX:
- athlete's foot - cheilosis (corners of mouth) |
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Furuncle
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- (boil) suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected follicle
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EX:
- ingrown hair |
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Hemangioma
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- skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
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EX:
- strawberry mark - cavernous hemangioma |
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Iris or Target lesion
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- resembles the iris of the eye
- concentric rings of color in the lesions |
EX:
- erythema multiforme |
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Jaundice
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- yellow color to skin, palate, and sclera due to excess bilirubin in the blood
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EX:
- liver inflammation - hemolytic disease - after severe burns |
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Keloid
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- hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond site or original injury
- excess scar scar tissue - smooth, rubbery and claw like - more common in among blacks |
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Lichenification
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- tightly packed set of papules that thickens skin
- from prolonged excessive scratching |
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Lipoma
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- benign fatty tumor
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Maceration
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- softening of tissue by soaking
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Macule
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- flat and circumscribed skin lesion with only a color change
- less that 1cm |
EX:
- freckles - flat nevi - scarlet fever - measles |
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Nevus
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- circumscribed skin lesion due to excess melanocytes
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EX:
- moles |
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Nodule
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- solid, elevated, hard or soft skin lesion
- larger than 1cm |
EX:
- xanthoma - fibroma - intradermal nevi |
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Pallor
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- excessively pale, whitish-pink color to lightly pigmented skin
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EX:
- anemia - shock - local arterial insuffciency - vitiligo |
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Papule
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- palpable skin leasion
- solid, elevated, circumscribed - less than 1 cm |
EX:
- elevated nevus - wart (verruca) |
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Plaque
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- skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together
- greater than 1cm - disk shaped lesion |
EX:
- psoriasis - lichen planus |
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Pruritus
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- itching
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Purpura
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- red-purple skin lesion or patches due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels
- macular hemorrhage |
EX:
- thrombocytopenia - scurvy - old age as blood leaks from capillaries in response to minor trauma and diffuses through dermis |
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Pustule
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- turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity
- circumscribed and elevated |
EX:
- impetigo - acne |
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Scale
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- compact desiccated flakes of skin, dry or greasy, silvery or white from shedding of dead excess keratin cells
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EX:
- psoriasis - eczema - dry skin - after scarlet fever |
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Telangiectasia
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- skin lesion due to permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible
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Ulcer
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- sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue that causes a deep depression in skin, extending into dermis
- irregular, may bleed - leaves scar when heals |
EX:
- stasis ulcer - pressure sore - chancre |
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Vesicle
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- elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1cm in diameter
- a blister - clear serum flows is wall ruptures |
EX:
- herpes simplex - early varicella (chicken pox) - singles (herpes zoster) - contact dermatitis |
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Wheal
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- raised red skin lesion due to interstitial fluid
- superficial and erythematous - irregular shape due to edema |
EX:
- mosquito bite - allergic reactions - dermographism |
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Zosteriform
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- linear shape of skin lesion along nerve route
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EX:
- herpes zoster |
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Diaphoresis
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- sweating
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EX:
- anxiety - pain - thyroidtoxicosis |
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Hyperthyroidism
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- velvet smoother and softer skin
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Hypothyroidism
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- rough, dry, flaky skin
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Scleroderma
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- hard skin
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Cherry angiomas
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- small red dots on the trunk of adults usually over the age of 30
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Primary Lesion
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- a traumatic or pathologic change that develops on unaltered skin
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EX:
- macule, patch, papule, plaque, nodule, wheal, tumor, vesicle, bulla, urticaria (hives), cyst, pustule |
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Secondary Lesion
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- a lesion that has changed over time secondary to scratching or infections
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EX:
- crust, scale, fissure, erosion, ulcer, excoriation, scar, atrophic scar, lichenification, keloid |
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Pattern or Shape of Lesions
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- annular, confluent, discrete, grouped, gyrate, target, linear, polycyclic, zosteriform
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Hirsutism
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- indicates endocrine abnormalities
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EX:
- Cushing's disease |
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Koilonychia (spoon nails)
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- thin, depressed, lateral edges tilted up, concave profile
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EX:
- congenital - hereditary - iron deficiency anemia |
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Paronychia
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- red, swollen, tender, inflammation of nail folds
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EX:
- bacterial infections (acute) - fungal infections (chronic) |
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Beau's Line
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- transverse furrow or groove
- a depression across the nail that extends down to the nail bed |
EX:
- trauma that temporarily impairs nail formation - acute illness or local trauma - toxic reaction |
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Splinter Hemorrhages
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- red- brown linear streaks, embolic lesions
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EX:
- occurs with subacute bacterial endocarditis - minor trauma |
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Onycholysis
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- slow, persistent fungal infection of fingernails and toenails usually in older adults
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Clubbing
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- proximal edge of nail elevates, angle greater than 180 degrees
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EX:
- hypoxemia - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - congenital heart disease |
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ABCDE rule
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- asymmetry, border, color, diameter, elevation and enlargement
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Mongolian Spot
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- blue- black to purple macular area on sacrum or buttocks
- gradually fades during first year of life |
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Cafe au Lait Spot
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- large round or oval light-brown pigmentation present at birth and is considered normal
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Erythema Toxicum
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- tiny red macular and papular rash on cheeks, trunk, chest, back, buttocks appearing first 3-4 days of life
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Cutis Marmorata
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- transient mottling in trunk and extremities in response to cooler temperatures
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Physiological Jaundice
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- yellowing of skin, sclera, mucous membranes due to hemolyzed RBC's in infants
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Milia
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- tiny white papules on cheeks, forehead, across nose and chin in newborns
- resolves spontaneously |
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Lentigines (liver spots)
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- small flat brown macules from sun exposure on forearms and dorsa of hands
- benign no treatment |
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Seborrheic Keratosis
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- raised, thickened, crusty, scaly, warty looking areas of pigmentation
- looks dark, greasy, stuck on - benign |
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Actinic Keratosis
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- red tan scaly plaques in older adults
- increases with time into raised and rough areas - related to sun exposure - may become cancerous |
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Acrochordons (skin tags)
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- overgrowths of normal skin that form stalk and are polyplike
- eyelids, cheeks, neck, axillae, trunk |
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Sebaceous Hyperplasia
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- raised yellow papules with central depression
- occurs with men more than women - on forehead, nose or cheeks |
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Discrete Lesions
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- distinct, individual lesions that remain separate
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EX:
- molluscum |
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Grouped Lesions
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- clusters of lesions
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EX:
- vesicles of contact dermatitis |
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Gyrate Lesions
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- twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike lesions
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Polycyclic Lesions
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- annular lesions grow together
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EX:
- psoriasis - lichen planus |
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Patch
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- macules larger than 1cm
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EX:
- Mongolian spot - Cafe au Lait spot - measles rash |
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Tumor
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- larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis
- benign or malignant |
EX:
- lipoma - hemangioma |
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Urticaria
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- wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction
- intensely pruritic |
EX:
- Hives |
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Cyst
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- encapsulates fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin
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EX:
- wen - subaceous cyst |
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Impetigo
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- moist, thin roofed vesicles with thin, erythematous base
- rupture to form thick honey colored crusts - contagious bacterial infection mostly in children |
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