Assessment For Skin,hair, & Nails Chp10 Estes

Front 1

Albinism

Back 1

generalized whiteness of the skin, hair and eyebrows, which is caused by a congenital inability to produce melanin.

Front 2

Alopecia

Back 2

partial or complete loss of hair

Front 3

Anemia

Back 3

decrease number in RBCs.

Front 4

Apocrine glands

Back 4

sweat glands associated with hair follicles.(think Apocrine=Axillary)

Front 5

arrector pili muscle

Back 5

muscle that causes contraction of the skin and hair="goosebumps"

Front 6

carotenemia is...

Back 6

an orange-yellow coloration of palmar and plantar surfaces caused by elevated levels of serum carotene.

Front 7

cherry angioma is...

Back 7

a bright-red, circumscribed area that may be flat or raised and that darkens with age.

Front 8

cyanosis is...

Back 8

blue coloration of the skin or nails that occurs when more than 5g/dl of hemoglobin is deoxygenated in the blood.

Front 9

dehydration is...

Back 9

lack of fluid in tissues.

Front 10

dermis

Back 10

second layer of skin(corium)

Front 11

ecchymosis

Back 11

a red-purple discoloration of varying size caused by extravasation of blood in the skin, (black & blue mark)

Front 12

eccrine glands

Back 12

sweat glands that are not associated with hair follicles

Front 13

eleidin

Back 13

transluscent substance that aids in the Formation of Keratin

Front 14

epidermis

Back 14

multilayer outer covering of the skin

Front 15

granulation tissue

Back 15

inflamed tissue, new vessels, and WBCs at the base of a wound in the process of healing

Front 16

hirsutism

Back 16

excessive body hair

Front 17

jaundice

Back 17

yellow-green to orange cast skin, caused by increased bilirubin level

Front 18

keratosis

Back 18

lesions of the epidermis characterized by o v e r growth of the horny layer

Front 19

lentigo

Back 19

liver spots

Front 20

lichenification

Back 20

localized roughness, thickness of the skin

Front 21

mast cells

Back 21

body's major source of tissue histamine, which triggers the body's reaction to invasive allergens

Front 22

matrix

Back 22

keratinized cells that form the nail plate

Front 23

nevi

Back 23

pigmented moles

Front 24

petechiae

Back 24

reddish-purple sking discoloration that is less than 0.5cm in diameter and does not blanch!

Front 25

pruritus

Back 25

SEVERE ITCHING!!

Front 26

spider angioma(star shaped)

Back 26

bright-red, STAR shaped marking that often has a central pulsation, it blanches when pressure is applied

Front 27

stratum germinativum

Back 27

basal layer of deepest layer of the epidermis

Front 28

venus star(linear shaped)

Back 28

linear shape blue vascular pattern on the skin

Front 29

vitiligo

Back 29

patchy, symmetrical areas of white on the skin

Front 30

FIVE main functions of the skin are:

Back 30

1)temperature,2)protection,3)pain,4)touch,5)pressure

Front 31

What normal variations may be noted on a dark-skinned patient?

Back 31

freckling of gums, gingiva may appear blue, vitiligo

Front 32

What is the "difference"between a primary lesion and a secondary lesion?

Back 32

A primary lesion originates from previously normal skin;
a secondary lesion originates from a primary lesion

Front 33

What are the characteristics of a lesion?

Back 33

flat,raised, change in color, odor, measurement

Front 34

ABCDE Mnemonic for evaluatin skin lesions

Back 34

Asymmetry
Borders
Color
Diameter
Elevation

Front 35

Danger signs of potentially cancerous lesions:

Back 35

Rapid change in size, change in color, irregular borders, elevation in a previously flat mole, multiple colors in a lesion, pain or tenderness, inflammation, bleeding

Front 36

Stages of Pressure Ulcers:

Back 36

STAGE I: area is reddened but sking is not broken
STAGE II: the epidermal and dermal layers have sustained injury.
STAGE III: the subcutaneous tissues have sustained injury.
STAGE IV: Muscle tissue and, perhaps, bone have sustained injury.

Front 37

First Degree burn:

Back 37

-epidermis injured or destroyed;-may be damage to the dermis;-hair follicles & sweat glands intact;-skin is red & dry;-burn is painful

Front 38

Second Degree burn:

Back 38

-epidermis & upper layers of the dermis=destroyed;-deeper dermis=injured;-skin=red blistery w/exudate;-also called "partial thickness burn"

Front 39

Third Degree burn:

Back 39

epidermis & dermis=destroyed;-subcutaneous tissue may be injured;-hair follicles,sweat glands & nerve endings=destroyed;-skin leathery in appereance;-burn is painless because nerve endings are destroyed;-also called "full-thickness burn"

Front 40

Fourth Degree burn:

Back 40

-skin is white, red, black,tan, or brown with exposed & damaged subcutaneous tissue, muscle or bone;-everything is destroyed so burn is painless.

Front 41

Functions of Hair:

Back 41

Warmth; protection; sensation

Front 42

Function of Nails:

Back 42

Protection to distal surface of digits

Front 43

Risk factors for Skin Cancer:

Back 43

UV light exposure, family hx of skin cancer, 2nd degree burns before age 18, acute sunburns,outdoor employment, melanocytic precursor lesion

Front 44

General assessment of Integumentary System:

Back 44

Well-lit room, good visualization, explain process to patient, provide warmth and privacy, head to toe assessment, may be include in regional exam for acute illness

Front 45

Ecchymosis

Back 45

may be a sign of abuse

Front 46

4-point grading scale for edema:

Back 46

+0 no pitting
+1 0"to 1/4" pitting
+2 1/4' to 1/2" moderate
+3 1/2" to 1" significant
+4 1"+ severe pitting

Front 47

angioedema:

Back 47

recurring episodes of noninflammatory swelling of the skin, brain, viscera, & mucous membranes. Rapid onset with resolution requiring hrs to days.

Front 48

lymphedema:

Back 48

edema due to the obstructionof a lymphatic vessel.

Front 49

Nonpalpable lesions:

Back 49

Macule, Patch

Front 50

Palpable lesions:

Back 50

Papule, Plaque, Nodules, Tumor, Wheal

Front 51

Fluid-filled cavity lesions:

Back 51

Vescicle, Bullae, Pustule, Cyst

Front 52

Above the skin surface lesions:

Back 52

Scales, Crust, Lichenification (roughness), Atrophy

Front 53

Below the skin surface lesions:

Back 53

Erosion, Fissure, Ulcer, Scar, Keloid, Excoriation

Front 54

Wound evaluation:

Back 54

Location, color, drainage, odor, size, depth, measure the borders, draw a picture to depict wound

Front 55

Inspection of Hair:

Back 55

Color, distribution=>alopecia, hirsutism, scalp lesions, palpate texture

Front 56

Inspection of Nails:

Back 56

Color, shape & configuration, nail angles, palpate texture

Front 57

More abnormal lesions:

Back 57

Rubella, Koplick's spots(measles), Scarlet fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever(rash w/borders), Lyme's disease, Warts, Urticaria(histamine release)

Front 58

Gerontological variations of the skin:

Back 58

Wrinkles, loss of subcutaneous fat, dimished elasticity, lentigo(liver spots), keratosis(overgrowth of layer)

Front 59

Gerontological variations of the hair:

Back 59

Gray, Loss

Front 60

Gerontological variations of the nails:

Back 60

Thicken, yellow, overcurvature

Front 61

Arrangement of lesions:

Back 61

Individual= insect bites
grouped= herpes simplex
confluent=childhood exanthema
linear= poison ivy, dermatitis
annular=ringworm
polycyclic=urticaria,rx reactions
generalized=measles
zosteriform(along nerve root)=herpes zoster

Front 62

Capillary refill should return to normal within:

Back 62

2 to 3 seconds

Front 63

melanochyia

Back 63

brown nail plate. ie. Addison's disease, malaria

Front 64

Leukonychia

Back 64

white striations or dots. ie. Trauma, infections, psoriasis,anemia, cirrhosis,hypercalcemia

Front 65

Normal nail angle:

Back 65

160*

Front 66

Curved nail variant of normal:

Back 66

160* or less

Front 67

Early clubbing:

Back 67

180*

Front 68

Onychomycosis:

Back 68

a fungal infection of the nail

Front 69

Pediculosis capitis:

Back 69

Head lice

Front 70

Tinea capitis:

Back 70

ringworm

Front 71

Spongy nail base is indicative of:

Back 71

nail clubbing caused by chronic bronchitis, emphysema, heart disease, or impaired tissue oxygenation over a long period

Front 72

Skin palpation is done with:

Back 72

dorsal surfaces of hands & fingers.

Front 73

The areas of ecchymosis that may indicate physical abuse are:

Back 73

base of the skull, face, buttocks, breasts, or abdomen, burns, belt buckle, bite marks

Front 74

Safety tips for the elderly:

Back 74

Identify environmental hazards and minimze risk; decrease risk for thermal injuries; maintain skin integrity and prevent damage

Front 75

The skin excretes:

Back 75

H2O, salts, nitrogenous wastes, vitamin D