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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cancellous bone |
-light and spongy -lightens and strengthens skeleton -"spongy" bone. appears spongelike to the naked eye -a form of bone composed of seemingly randomly arranged "spicules" of bone separated by spaces filled with bone marrow -found in the ends (epiphyses) of long bones and the interiors of short bones, flat bones and irregular bones |
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where is cancellous bone found? |
-the ends (epiphyses) of long bones -the interiors of short bones, flat bones and irregular bones |
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compact bone |
-dense -heavy and rigid -makes up the shafts (diaphyses) of long bones and outer surfaces of all bones |
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where is compact bone found? |
-the shafts (diaphyses) of long bones -the outer surfaces of all bones |
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what are the shapes of bones? |
-flat -irregular -long -short |
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epiphyseal plates |
-growth plates in juveniles -the areas where long bones increase in length -when an animal reaches its full size these plates completely ossify and the bones cease growth |
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general characteristics of long bones |
-longer than wide -found in limbs -end is epiphysis -shaft is diaphysis |
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epiphysis |
-the end of a long bone -there is a proximal and distal on each long bone |
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diaphysis |
the shaft portion of a long bone |
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general characteristics of short bones |
-shaped like blocks (or marshmallows) -examples include the carpal bones and tarsal bones |
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general characteristics of flat bones |
-thin and flat -"cancellous bone sandwich" -consist of 2 thin plates of compact bone separated by a thin layer of cancellous bone -examples include scapula, pelvis, skull |
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examples of flat bones |
-scapula -pelvis -skull |
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examples of short bones |
-carpal bones -tarsal bones |
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examples of long bones |
-femur -humerus |
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general characteristics of irregular bones |
-odd shapes -do not fit into other categories -examples include vertebrae, hyoid bones, bones of the inner ear (malleus, incus, and stapes) |
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the bones of the inner ear |
-malleus -incus -stapes |
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examples of irregular bones |
-vertebrae -hyoid bones -bones of the inner ear (malleus, incus, stapes) |
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head (of a bone) |
-a spherical articular surface connected to the bone by way of a neck -present on the proximal ends of the humerus, femur and rib |
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facet |
-a flat articular surface of a bone |
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condoyle |
-a large, round articular (joint) surface of a bone -examples are found on the distal ends of the humerus and the femur |
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processes |
-any projection from a bone, including those on articular surfaces -a general name for a lump, bump or other porjection on a bone |
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mastoid process |
-thick and rounded |
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spinous process |
-long and thin -single dorsally projecting process of a vertebra |
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trochanter |
-processes specific to the femur |
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tuber |
-root-like (yam) -processes found on the pelvis |
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crest (on a bone) |
a ridge on a bone |
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malleoulus |
-a rounded narrow protrusion from a bone |
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foramen (aka foramina) |
-a hole in a bone -may be large or small |
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fossa |
-depression in a bone, often an articulation site -a depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone, usually occupied by muscles or tendons in living animals |
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canal (in a bone) |
-a tunnel through a bone |
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meatus |
-an opening or passing into a bone |
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foramen magnum |
-a large hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord exits the skull |
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talus aka |
the tibial tarsal bone |
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the tibial tarsal bone aka |
talus |
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calcaneus aka |
the fibular tarsal bone |
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the fibular tarsal bone aka |
calcaneus |
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what attaches to the calcaneus (specifically at the calcaneal tuberosity)? |
the large gastrocnemius muscle (attachment site of the tendon) |
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where does the gastrocnemius muscle attach? |
the calcaneus (specifically the calcaneal tuberosity) |
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which bone does the talus articulate with |
the tibia |
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which bone does the calcaneus articulate with |
the fibula |
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the visceral skeleton |
consists of bones that form in the soft organs or viscera |
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3 examples of the visceral skeleton |
-os cordis -os penis -os rostri |
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os cordi |
-the bone in the heart of the cattle and sheep that helps support the valves of the heart -part of the visceral skeleton |
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os penis |
-the bone in the penis of dogs (beavers, raccoons, and walruses) that partially surrounds the penile portion of the urethra -part of the visceral skelton |
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os rostri |
-the bone in the nose of swine that strengthens the snout for the rooting behavior of pigs (whereby they dig into the ground with their snouts) -part of the visceral skeleton |
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which bones makes up the acatabulum? |
all 3 bones of the pelvis: the ilium, the pubis, and the ischium |
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the bones of the hand are |
the metacarpals |
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the bones of the feet are |
the metatarsals |
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the cannon bone aka |
metatarsal/metacarpal III |
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the splint bones (in horses) aka |
metacarpals/metatarsals II and IV |
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metatarsal/metacarpal III in horses is aka |
the cannon bone |
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metatarsal/metacarpals II and IV are aka |
the splint bones |
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sinuses |
hollow spaces that condition air and lighten the skull |
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what are the sinuses of the skull |
-frontal -maxillary -ethmoid -sphenoid |
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the external cranial bones are... |
-occipital -interparietal -parietal -temporal -frontal |
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the internal cranial bones are... |
-the ethmoid -the sphenoid |
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which bone(s) form the roof of the cranium? |
parietal and frontal bones |
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which bone(s) form the floor of the cranium? |
sphenoid |
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which bone(s) form the sides of the cranium? |
temporal |
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which bone(s) form the front of the cranium? |
ethmoid |
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which bone(s) form the back of the cranium? |
occipital |
