Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
2 healing processes that occur in fractures. |
Reduction and Immobilization |
|
|
A break in the bone. |
Fracture |
|
|
A clean break in the bone that does not penetrate through the skin. |
Closed (simple) fracture |
|
|
A break in the bone that penetrates through the skin. |
Open (compound) fracture |
|
|
Two kinds of reduction |
Closed reduction and Open reduction |
|
|
It is the type of reduction where the broken bones are coaxed back by the physician manually. |
Closed Reduction |
|
|
A type of reduction wherein the broken bones need to be secured by pins and wires. |
Open Reduction |
|
|
It is the realignment of the broken bone ends. |
Reduction |
|
|
True of False: the healing time for a simple fracture is 6-10 weeks. |
False (6-8 weeks only) |
|
|
How many events does the healing of a fracture involve? |
Four |
|
|
Enumerate the four major events in fracture healing briefly. |
1 - Hematoma forms. 2 - Fibrocartilage callus forms. 3 - Bony callus occur forms. 4 - Bone remodelling occurs. |
|
|
Hormone that is secreted by the parathyroid glands. |
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
|
|
Another term for when the calcium ion level in the blood is too high. |
Hypercalcemia |
|
|
The process of bone formation. |
Ossification |
|
|
Giant bone-destroying cells. |
Osteoclasts |
|
|
Bone-building cells. |
Osteoblasts |
|
|
A type of depression that is canal or tunnel-like passageway. |
Meatus |
|
|
A narrow ridge in the bone which is usually prominent. |
Crest |
|
|
A narrow ridge on the bone which is less prominent |
Line |
|
|
A very large, blunt, and irregular shaped process. |
Trochanter |
|
|
A narrow slit-like opening in the bone. |
Fissure |
|
|
The basic unit of the bone. |
Osteon |
|
|
Concentric circles surrounding the central canal. |
Lamella/Lamellae |
|
|
Tiny cavities that house the bone cells. |
Lacuna/Lacunae |
|
|
A remnant of epiphyseal plate, present in adult bones. |
Epiphyseal line |
|
|
Factors of bone remodelling. |
1 - calcium ion levels in the blood 2 - the pull of gravity or the muscles |
|
|
Important hormones during bone growth. |
Growth hormones and sex hormones |
|
|
The process by which the bone grows in diameter. |
Appositional growth |
|
|
It makes the bone hard and enables it to resist compression. |
Calcium salts |
|
|
They provide for the bone's flexibility and great tensile strength. |
Collagen fibers and other organic parts |
|
|
Smooth, nearly flat articular surface |
Facets |
|
|
Functions of the skeletal system |
1 - Support the body 2 - Protect soft organs 3 - Allow movement through attached skeletal muscles 4 - Stores minerals and fats 5 - Site of blood cell formation |
|
|
Another term for blood cell formation |
Hematopoiesis |
|
|
Subdivisions of the skeletal system |
Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton |
|
|
Skeleton that consists of the bones of the limbs and girdles |
Appendicular |
|
|
It is made up of bones that make up the longitudinal axis of the body |
Axial Skeleton |
|
|
The number of bones in adults. |
206 bones |
|
|
Two basic types of osseous tissues |
Compact Bone Spongy Bone |
|
|
These are dense, smooth and homogenous type of osseous tissue. |
Compact bones |
|
|
They are made up of trabeculae. |
Spongy bone |
|
|
Classification of bones according to their shapes. |
Long bones Short bones Irregular bones Flat bones |
|
|
Gross anatomical parts of a long bone |
Diaphysis Epiphysis Periosteum Endosteum Epiphyseal plate Epiphyseal line Articular cartilage Perforating fibers / Sharpey's fibers Medullary Cavity Yellow Marrow Bone Markings |
|
|
Microscopic anatomical parts of a long bone |
Osteon / Haversian system Lamellae Osteocytes Lacunae Central Canal / Haversian canal Perforating Canal / Volkmann's canal Canaliculi |
|
|
Small, needlelike pieces of bones |
Trabeculae |
|
|
Trabeculae are found in ________? |
Spongy bone |
|
|
Where can the osteon be found? |
Compact bone |
|
|
Shaft of the bone |
Diaphysis |
|
|
Ends of the bone |
Epiphysis |
|
|
It covers the shaft of the long bone and is a fibrous connective tissue membrane |
Periosteum |
|
|
It covers the inner bony surface of the shaft. |
Endosteum |
|
|
Cavity that is inside the shaft of the bone. |
Medullary Cavity |
|
|
They secure the periosteum to the underlying bone. |
Perforating fibers / Sharpey's fibers |
|
|
Covers the external surface of the epiphyses. |
Articular cartilage |
|
|
It causes the bone to grow lengthwise. |
Epiphyseal plate |
|
|
2 categories of bone marking |
Projections or processes Depression or cavities |
|
|
Indentations in the bone |
Depressions or cavities |
|
|
Bone markings that grow out from the bone surface. |
Projections or processes |
|
|
They are the transport system of the bone, where nutrients and waste pass through. |
Canaliculi |
|
|
This determines when the bone should be broken down or formed. |
PTH |
|
|
This determines where the bone matrix is supposed to be broken down or formed. |
Muscle pull and gravity acting on the skeleton |
|
|
A disease of children caused by the lack of calcium in the bones. |
Rickets |
|
|
Name the common types of fractures. |
1 - Comminuted 2 - Compression 3 - Depressed 4 - Impacted 5 - Spiral 6 - Greenstick |
|
|
The subdivisions of Axial Skeleton |
Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage |
|
|
Two sets of bones found in the skull |
Cranium and facial bones |
