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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Phylum that is a deuterostome?
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Phylym Echinodermata
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What are the general characteristics of the Phylum Echinodermata?
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Marine
Spiny skin Pentamerous radial symmetry Water vascular system w/ tube feet (podia) Radial symmetry (usually) |
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What are classes of the Phylum Echinodermata?
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Class Asteroidea
Class Crinoidea Class Holothuroidea Class Ophiuroidea Class Echinoidea |
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What are characteristics of the Class Crinoidea?
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Organisms: Sea Lilies & Feather Stars
Paleozoic era |
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Anemone
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Flower
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What are characteristics of the Class Asteroidea?
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Organism: Sea Stars
Five arms (usually) |
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What are characteristics of the Class Ophiuroidea?
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Organism: Brittle stars, Basket stars
Five arms (usually) Capture food w/ baskets and created currents |
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What are characteristics of the Class Echinoidea?
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Regular echinoids
Irregular echinoids |
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What organisms are considered Regular echinoids?
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Sea Urchins
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What organisms are considered Irregular echnoids?
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Sand Dollars
Heart Urchins Sea Bisquits |
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What are the characteristics of the Class Holothuroidea?
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Organism: Sea Cucumber
Cylinderical w/ tertiary bilateral symmetry Digestive tract into 2 main branches |
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What animal lives behind Sea Cucumber?
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Pearl fish
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What are characteristics of the Phylum Chaetognatha?
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Marine, planktonic predator
Very small! Very fast for plankton because of shape “bow & arrow” Cetae-like structure to grab prey |
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What does gnatha mean?
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Jaws
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What does agnathan mean?
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Jawless
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What organisms are in the Phylum Chaetognatha?
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Arrow Worms
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What are the characteristics of the Phylum Hemichordata?
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Burrowing, marine worms
Gill slits present No notochord |
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What are the characteristics of the Phylum Chordata?
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Notochord (at some time in lifetime), nerve chord, postanal tail, pharyngeal slits
Nerve system derived from Ectoderm |
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Notochord
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Flexible rod used for support
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Pharyngeal slits
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Used for gills and filter-feeding
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What are the Nonvertebrate Chordates?
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Subphylum Urochordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata |
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What are characteristics of the Subphylum Urochordata?
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Organisms: Tunicates, Sea squirts, Larvaceans
Tadpole larva |
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What are characteristics of the Subphylum Cephalochordata?
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Organisms: Lancelet
Lancelets found in tail and head Humans have postanal tail and pharyngeal slits We have them because we’re related to the things that use them |
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What is the Vertebrate Chordata?
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Subphylum Vertebrata
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What are characteristics of the Subphylum Vertebrata?
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Vertebral column
Bone or cartilage Well-developed brain Two pairs of limbs |
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What are the Classes of the Subphylum Vertebrata?
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Class Placodermi
Class Agnatha Class Chondricthyes Class Osteichthyes |
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What are characteristics of the Class Agnatha?
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Jawless fish
Ostracoderms (Extinct) Cyclostomes Lamprey and Hagfishes Notochord present through entire life 2 chambered heart Gnathostomes Evolution of jaw Hyoid (gill) arch à jaw Circular mouth, but no hinged jaw Cartilaginous skeleton |
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When is an organism biologically an adult?
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When it can reproduce
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Somatic sped up, relative to germinal
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5 yr. old can get pregnant
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Germinal sped up, relative to somatic
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Dwarfism
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Paedomorphism
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Dwarfism
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Pikaia
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First vertebrate
Fossil link to vertebrates |
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What are characteristics of the Class Placodermi?
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All extinct
The first jawed fish |
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What are the characteristics of the Class Chondricthyes?
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Organisms: Sharks & Rays
Cartilaginous skeleton Notochord present Sub-terminal mouth 2 chambered heart No gill cover (operculum)…except in rattlefish No swim bladder |
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What are the characteristics of Sharks?
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Shark attacks
Shark teeth: abundant fossils Placoid scales: hooked, teeth fall out Stingray Electric skate/ray Manta ray Ratfish (Chimaera) w/operculum |
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Operculum
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Gill cover
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What are characteristics of the Class Osteichthyes?
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Notochord may exist
Terminal mouth 2 chambered heart Operculum Swim bladder |
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What is the nickname for organism in the Class Osteichthyes?
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Bony Fish
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What are the Subclasses of the Class Osteichthyes?
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Subclass Sarcopterygii
Subclass Actinopterygii |
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What is the nickname of the Subclass Sarcopterygii?
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Lobe-finned Fishes
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What are the Orders of the Subclass Sacropterygii?
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Order Crossopterygii
Order Dipneusti |
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What are the characteristics of the Order Crossopterygii?
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Crossing over species from aquatic to land
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What is the nickname of the Order Crossopterygii?
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Coelocanth
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What are the characteristics of the Order Dipneusti?
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Aestivation
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Aestivation
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Lower metabolic rate (like Hybernation)
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What is the nickname for the Order Dipneusti?
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Lungfishes
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What are the characteristics of the Subclass Actinopterygii?
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Teleost
Sturgeon & Gar Ganoid scales |
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What is the nickname for the Subclass Actinopterygii?
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Ray-finned Fishes – bony spikes in fin
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What are the primitive groups of Actinopterygii?
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Sturgeon & Gar (ex. Alligator Gar)
Ganoid scales – really thick, found in Gar |
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Sturgeon
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Caviar
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Teleost
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Highest species diversity
The most advanced fish Cycloid & Ctenoid scales Caudal fin |
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What are the types of Caudal fins?
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Heteroceral: shark
Homoceral: homocercal Diphyceral: perch |
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What is the evolutionary link between fishes and amphibians?
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Ichthyostega
Sarcopterygii |
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Ichthyostega
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Extinct
Fish w/ legs |
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Halibut
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Lays down on side and eye migrates to the other side during metamorphisis
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Leafy Sea Dragon
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Mimicry, looks like sea horse plant
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Dragonfish
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Large eyes, large teeth
Live in deep water and need to be able to see |
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Groper fish
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80% mouth, largest mouth to body ratio
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2 types of Dolphin
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The Fish: Mahi Mahi
The Mammal |
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Cycloid
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Circular scales
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Ctenoid scales
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Toothlike structured scale
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What creature has movement similar to fish?
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Salamander
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