Semester Exam Study Guide

Front 1

Name the four bases and the sugar in DNA.

Back 1

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. Deoxyribose Sugar

Front 2

Name the four bases and the sugar in RNA.

Back 2

Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine. Ribose Sugar.

Front 3

What are the 3 differences between DNA and RNA?

Back 3

DNA has 2 strands, RNA has one. DNA contains thymine, but RNA contains uracil. DNA has Deoxyribose and RNA has Ribose.

Front 4

The code for a given amino acid consists of how many bases?

Back 4

Three UAC AUC CGG

Front 5

Describe a nucleotide and what makes it up.

Back 5

Subunits (building blocks) that make up DNA, Nucleotides are made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.

Front 6

Write a complimentary DNA strand from this section of DNA: a. ATTCGCATTAC

Back 6

b. TAAGCGTAATG

Front 7

Write a RNA strand from the above DNA strand.

Back 7

UAAGCGUAAUG

Front 8

What is the purpose of tRNA and mRNA?

Back 8

mRNA is made from a strand of DNA in the process of transcription and goes to a ribosome to be read andtranslated into a protein. tRNA carries amino acids and when it matchesup to the mRNA that is being fed through a ribosome, it drops off theamino acid onto the growing chain that will create a protein.

Front 9

Where are proteins made? And what are the building blocks of proteins?

Back 9

ThetRNA release their amino acids onto a growing chain that are creating aprotein. Ribosomes, amino acids.

Front 10

Define haploid and diploid cell.

Back 10

Haploid cells only contain one set of 23 chromosomes(egg sperm). Cells having two sets of chromosomes are diploid 46(2n).In humans the diploid number is 46.

Front 11

What is meant by a daughter cell?

Back 11

The cells that are made during cell division: Mitosis or Meiosis.

Front 12

Describe the process of meiosis.

Back 12

(steps in order) 2 division, 4 cells Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II.

Front 13

What are alleles?

Back 13

One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs acharacteristic, such as hair color.

Front 14

Describe phenotype and genotype.

Back 14

Phenotype- An organism’s appearance orother detectable characteristic(brown Hair). Genotype- The entire geneticmakeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or morespecific traits.

Front 15

Complete a Punnett square with parents that have the following genotypes for eyecolor: Bb x bb (B=brown)

Back 15

Cross: Bb x bb Punnet square Bb Bb bb bb

Front 16

What are the possible genotypes and the phenotypes for the Punnett Square in #6.

Back 16

Genotypes:50% Bd; 50% bb Phenotypes 2/4 50% Brown eyes 2/4 50% Blue

Front 17

Define homozygous (purebred) and heterozygous (hybrid).

Back 17

Homo.- A plant withtwo dominant or two recessive alleles. Heter.-A plant that has the genotype Pp.

Front 18

Identify the following as Homozygous or Heterozygous: a. Ss b. TT c. ff d. Rr

Back 18

Heter., Homo., Homo., Heter.

Front 19

Study the foldable that you created on the 6 kingdoms. Know characteristics ofeach kingdom

Front 20

List the levels of classification from largest to smallest.

Back 20

Kingdom, Phylum,Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Front 21

What makes up a living thing’s scientific name?

Back 21

Its Genus and Species(in thatorder)

Front 22

Scientists classify organisms based on their .

Back 22

characteristics

Front 23

What is fertilization?

Back 23

This happens when a egg’s nucleus and a sperm’snucleus join, a fertilized egg, called a zygote, is created.

Front 24

What is a gene?

Back 24

A section of a chromosome that governs a certain trait.

Front 25

Describe the process of fertilization and implantation. (pg 692)

Back 25

In fertilization, theone sperm enters the egg and the nuclei of both cell join to create a zygote. Inimplantation the zygote implants itself into the uterus

Front 26

Where does fertilization take place?

Back 26

In the Fallopian Tube.

Front 27

What are identical twins? Fraternal twins?

Back 27

Identical- zygote splitting into embryo. Fraternal- two eggs are fertilized.

Front 28

What does Abiotic and Biotic mean? Give 5 examples of each.

Back 28

Abiotic- nonlivingthings(rock, water, air, sunlight, dirt). Biotic are the living things(worm, tree, human, dog, turtle).

Front 29

Describe the three types of symbiotic relationships? Give an example ofeach.

Back 29

Mutualism- Both organisms benefit (Ex: cattles and egrets)Commensalism- One benefits and the other is not affected (Ex: sharks andremora) Parasitism- One benefits and the other is harmed (Fleas and dogs

Front 30

What are the three parts of the brain? Describe each of them and list the activitiesthat they control.

Back 30

Cerebrum- largest part of the brain; used for thinking,memories,voluntary movement, and senses (right and left hemisphere controlopposite sides of the body) Cerebellum- processes sensory information and controls position andbalance Medulla- controls involuntary processes like heart rate, breathing, and temperature

Front 31

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary actions?

Back 31

Voluntary actions are ones that you think about and process and DECIDE to dowhile involuntary processes happen whether you are consciously thinkingabout them or not.

Front 32

What is the difference between the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system?

Back 32

Central nervous system is the brain and spinal cord; Peripheral nervous system is the rest of the body

Front 33

Be able to label the parts of a flower!

Back 33

Look at plant notes or the Plants Testquestion for this

Front 34

What does a fertilized egg develop into in a flowering plant?

Back 34

A seed

Front 35

What does the ovary develop into in a flowering plant?

Back 35

A fruit

Front 36

Inside what structure do the sperm of seed plants form?

Back 36

pollen

Front 37

What is the difference between a woody stem and a herbaceous stem?

Back 37

Woody stems