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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemical Level
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Atom - elements - minerals
Molecular H O form new compounds Biomolecular :keep us functioning Nutrients - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins DNA/RNA - higher molecular weight Minerals |
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Cells
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Basic unit of life
Carry out all functions |
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Tissues
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A group of cells with the same function
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4 types of tissues
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Epithelium
Connective Muscle Nervous - communication |
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Muscle types
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Cardiac - heart
Smooth - blood vessels (pumps blood through the circulatory system) , uterus, bladder Skeletal - voluntary muscles |
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Microscope
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Light
Electron |
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Light microscope
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look at something that is living
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Electron microscope
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Veru big
Need very thin sections of tissue Much higher power than light microscope |
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Parts of the microscope
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Ocular
Objective lens Stage Coarse adjustment Fine adjustment Light |
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Ocular
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Eye piece - where you look through
Also acts as a magnifying lens - 10x |
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Objective Lens
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Magnifies slide more
Usually 3 or 4 objective lenses: 4x - scanning 10x - low 40x - high 100x - oil immersion |
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Magnification
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The amount of magnification is the objective lens x the ocular to get the final magnification
4x x 10x = 40x 10x x 10x = 100x 40x x 10x = 400x 100x x 10x = 1000x |
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Stage of the Microscope
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Stage clips - hold the slide
Stage - where the slide sits Condenser - right under the stage |
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Microscope
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Start by looking at the lowest power, and work your way up
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Epithelium
Function |
Covering lining tissue of the body
Protective function - protects from UV radiation and dehydration Transport function - Secretion function - lubrication and protection in the glands and endocrine glands |
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Epithelium
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Largest organ in the body
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Epithelium
Where |
Outer layer of skin - epidermis
Covers organs - serosal (outer) Lines organs - mucosal (inner) Body cavities Body openings |
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Synovium
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Freely moveable
In joints More is derived from cartilage or bone |
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Epithelium
Key Property that makes epithelium stand out |
Basement Membrane (Basal Lamina)
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Epithelium
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Very cellular
Closely packed cells Avascular - no direct blood supply Cartilage also has no direct blood supply |
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Epithelium
Surface structures |
Cilia
Microvilli Goblet Cells |
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Cilia
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Long hair-like structures on surface of epithelium
For movement along surface Found in the female reproductive tract (Fallopian tubes) and Respiratory Tract - to get dirt and dust particles out |
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Cilia
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Gets paralyzed from smoking/nicotine
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Microvilli
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Increases surface area of epithelium
Used for filtration |
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Goblet Cells
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Mucus
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Simple Epithelium
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1 layer
All cells are on the basement membrane |
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
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Lines the heart cavities - endocardium
Internal surface of blood and lymph vessels - endothelium Air cells (alveoli) of the lungs Lines major body cavities - mesothelium |
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
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Usually secretory cells and make up glands throughout the body
Tubules of the kidney Terminal bronchioles of the lungs Ducts of the reproductive tract |
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Simple Columnar Epithelium
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Line the gastrointestinal tract - deal with secretion and absorption
May be covered with microvilli |
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Simple |
Simple columnar cells bunched together giving the appearance of multiple layers, but really only one layer
Often have cilia and goblet cells Lines the ducts of the reproductive tract - fallopian tube (oviduct) Lines the respiratory tract - trachea |
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Stratified Epithelium
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Only the basal layer touches the basement membrane
Stratified squamous Transitional Glandular epithelium Exocrine Endocrine |
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Keratinized - skin
Non-keratinized - body openeings like, oral cavity, vaginal cavity, cheeks |
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Transitional Epithelium
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Stratified
Lines the urinary bladder Can stretch with the smooth muscle |
