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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Terminology
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How the body is laid out
Same in all languages |
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Types of cuts (sections)
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Frontal/Coronal
Transverse Oblique Sagittal |
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Frontal/Coronal Sections
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Give a front and back
This plane divides the body anterior and posterior |
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Transverse Sections
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Cross- section
Most common This plane divides the body superior and inferior |
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Oblique Sections
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Diagonal cuts
Muscles sections |
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Transverse
Cross -section |
Horizontal cuts from top to bottom
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Parasagittal
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Sagittal divides the body into right and left
Unequal sides |
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Mid-sagittal
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Sagittal - divides the body into right and left
2 mirror images Equal halves |
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Anterior/Ventral
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In front
Anterior - mostly human Ventral - mostly animal - belly |
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Torso
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Thorax - diaphragm under thorax
Abdomen Pelvis |
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Thoracic Cavity
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Larynx
Thymus - immune system Trachea - windpipe Esophagus - food Pericardial cavity Lungs |
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Anterior Body Cavities
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Thoracic
Abdominal Pelvic |
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Posterior/Dorsal (back) Cavity
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Cranial - brain
Vertebral (spinal) cord |
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Body cavities
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Closed
Open systems run through closed cavities |
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Extremities
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Upper and lower extremities are attached to torso
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Directional Terms
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Comparing parts to another
Anterior vs. Posterior Ventral vs. Dorsal Superior vs. Inferior Medial vs. Lateral Superficial vs. Deep Proximal vs. Distal |
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Ventral vs. Dorsal
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Ventral - in front
Dorsal - behind Ribs are in front of lungs |
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Superior vs. Inferior
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Superior - on top
Inferior - below Neck is superior to the thorax and abdomen; Pelvic cavity is inferior to the abdomen |
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Medial vs. Lateral
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Medial - toward the midline
Lateral - toward the periphery Heart is medial to the lungs Lungs are lateral to the heart |
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Superficial vs. Deep
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Superficial - external
Deep - Internal Skin is superficial Organs are deep |
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Proximal vs. Distal
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Proximal - closer to point of attachment
Distal - further away from point of attachment Shoulder is proximal; fingers are distal |
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Contralateral
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Opposite side
Right eye is contralateral to left lung |
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Ipsilateral
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Same side
Right lung is ipsilateral to right kidney |
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Pictures of quadrants
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See notes on 9/3
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Organelles
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Cells are made of organelles
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Cell membrane
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Semi-permeable
Lets things in and out |
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Nucleus
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Brain of the cell
Undergoes division - mitosis DNA |
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Nuclear Membrane
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Surrounds the nucleus
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Nucleolus
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Located in the nucleus
Produces RNA |
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Ribosomes
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Produce proteins
White dots Can be free or fixed to endoplasmic reticulum |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Transports proteins
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Body Quadrants
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Right Upper Left Upper
Right Lower Left Lower |
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Abdominopelvic Regions
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see picture
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Caudal
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Inferior
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Pleural Cavity
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Holds the lungs
Right and Left Subdivision of the thoracic cavity |
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Pericardial Cavity
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Holds the heart in a region called the mediastinum
Subdivision of the thoracic cavity |
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Mediastinum
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?
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Diaphragm
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Muscle below the lungs
Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities |
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2 Principal body cavities
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Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity |
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Dorsal Body Cavity
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Posterior
Cranial cavity - brain Spinal cavity - spinal cord |
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Ventral Body Cavity
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Anterior
Thoracic Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity |
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Thoracic Cavity
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Rith and Left Pleural Cavities
Pericardial Cavity |
