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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define theory.
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An explanation of observed patterns.
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What are the 2 kinds of theory?
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Grand theories: cannot be tested directly
Theories of middle range: can be tested directly |
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What is deduction?
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Formulate hypothesis and then do research to test it
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What is induction?
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Research first then formulate hypothesis
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What are research questions?
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Inductive: A statement of the problem or issue that research sets out to discover and explain. Asks "How", doesn't explain "why"
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What is a hypothesis?
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Deductive: a testable prediction of the relationship between 2 variables
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What is conceptualization?
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Important to be specific in research. How we specify exactly what we mean by certain terms. (e.g. academic performance)
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What is operationalization?
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How the study measures certain variables (e.g. measure academic achievement with cumulative grades)
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True or false: Only units of analysis in research are individuals.
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False. Can be groups, organization, or social artifacts.
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What is the Ecological Fallacy?
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Assuming what is true of the group pertains to each and every individual
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What is the individualistic fallacy?
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Believing there is no result because of the exceptions in the group - ignoring patterns based on the exceptions
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Define a variable.
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A behavior or characteristics that varies from one person to another. Must be observable.
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Define attributes.
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The points on which variables can vary.
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Quantitative research is _______ (type of goal)
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Nomothetic (concerned with laws)
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Qualitative research is ____ (goal)
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Ideographic (personal experience or snapshot)
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What 3 things must be present for quantitative research to be nomothetic?
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1. Correlation (dv and iv move together)
2. Time order (dv after iv) 3. Non spuriousness (spurious means illegitimate) |
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True or false: Internal validity is more of a concern for quantitative research and external validity is more of a concern for qualitative research.
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False. External validity is a concern for both.
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What is internal validity?
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The extent to which the cause and effect relationship that is concluded is true
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What is external validity?
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The extent to which the results of the study can be generalized.
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True or false: Qualitative researchers believe their research should be evaluated differently than quantitative research.
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True. They believe their research should be evaluated by: credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability.
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What is measurement validity?
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The extent to which a research tool actually measures what is says it is measuring.
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