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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Steps of DNA replication
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*DNA molecules split down the middle where the bases meet.
*one strand is used as a pattern for a new strand *complementary nucleotides are added *two DNA molecules form *half is old, half is new |
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Steps of protein synthesis-Transcription
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*DNA unzips between the bases
*one DNA strand is used as a blueprint for mRNA |
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Steps of protein synthesis-Translation
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*mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores
*mRNA attaches a ribosome *ribosome "reads" each 3 base pattern that codes for an amino acid *tRNA in cytoplasm brings over the amino acid that matches the codon *"reads" mRNA until ordered to stop by a "Stop" Codon *amino acids form a protein *Protein breaks off from ribosome |
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Parts of a nucleotide
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sugar, phosphate, base
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complementary strands
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strands of DNA that fit into each other
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Mutagen
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changes in the numbers, type, of order of the bases on a piece of DNA
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Messenger RNA
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a mirror like copy a DNA segment made of RNA (mRNA)
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Transfer RNA
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molecules that translate the DNA message
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Transcription
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when a DNA strand makes a mirror like copy of itself
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Translation
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when a ribosome creates amino acids to make proteins
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Insertion
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a type of mutation when an extra base is added causing frame shifts
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Deletion
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a type of mutation when a base is left out, causing frame shifts
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Substitution
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the type of mutation when the incorrect bases are used causing the codon to code for the incorrect amino acid. It is the most common mutation.
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Anti-codon
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in diagram, the lower part of the tRNA that matches up with the mRNA codon while in the ribosome (the base below the nucleotides)
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