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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is heredity? |
The passing of traits from parent to offspring. |
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Who was Mendel? |
A monk who discovered how genetics worked and what alleles were. |
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What plant did Mendel experiment with? What seven traits did he experiment with? |
The pea plant. Smooth and wrinkled seeds, yellow and green seeds, green and yellow pods, full and constricted pods, tall or short plants, position of plants, and purple or white flowers. |
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What is a purebred? |
An organism that always produces the same traits in its offspring. |
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What are dominant and recessive alleles? |
An allele that hides the other allele. The other allele is recessive if it gets hidden by the other allele. |
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What is a Punnett square? |
It is used to predict the genes of an organism. |
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What is homozygous and heterozygous? |
An or ganism with two alleles for a trait that are exactly the same is homozygous. Heterozygous is the opposite. |
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What is a phenotype? |
The physical trait that shows as a result of a particular genotype. |
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What is incomplete dominance? |
The production of a phenotype that is intermediate to those of the two homozygous parents. |
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What is multiple alleles? |
When a trait is controlled by more than two alleles. |
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What are the different blood types? |
A, B, and O. |
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What is polygenic inheritance? |
It occurs when a group of gene pairs act together to produce a single trait. |
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What human traits are controlled by polygenic inheritanece? |
Height, weight, body build, and shape of eyes lips and ears. |
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What traits are controlled by multiple alleles? |
Blood type |
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What are two homozygous recessive genetic disorders? |
Sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis. |
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What is sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis? |
Sickle-cell anemia is when the blood cell flatten out and get sickle shaped. This shape has less oxygen in it. Cystic fibrosis is when a mucus builds up in your lungs and makes it hard to breath. |
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What is a sex linked gene? |
An allele inherited on a sex chromosome. |
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What is a pedigree? |
A tool for tracing the occurrence of a trait in a family. |
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What is genetic engineering? |
Scientists are experimenting with biological and chemical methods to change the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. |
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What chromosomes do boys and girls have? |
Girls have XX and Boys have XY chromosomes. |
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What is a genome? |
A chart that shows the location of individual genes on a chromosome. |
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What is the Human Genome Project? |
Its goal is sequencing all the DNA on all the human chromosomes. |
